行比和燕麦密度对苜蓿种子产量及其构成因素的影响
邓文辉 , 赵小娜 , 雍嘉仪 , 管思雨 , 胡国强 , 王腾飞 , 胡海英
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (04) : 100 -111.
行比和燕麦密度对苜蓿种子产量及其构成因素的影响
Effects of intercropping oat with different densities on alfalfa seed yield and its constituent factors
为探究银北灌区紫花苜蓿种子田与燕麦间作条件下最适宜的密度配置及燕麦播种量,本试验在原有苜蓿宽窄行种子田(窄行Z:行距50 cm;宽行W:行距100 cm)中采用双因素裂区试验设计,主区为4个燕麦的播量水平(S1:90 kg·hm-2;S2:135 kg·hm-2;S3:180 kg·hm-2;S4:225 kg·hm-2),副区为4个播种行比(Z0W2:在窄行不播种宽行播种2行;Z0W3:在窄行不播种宽行播种3行;Z1W2:在窄行播种1行宽行播种2行;Z1W3:在窄行播种1行宽行播种3行),分别对不同处理的苜蓿种子产量及种子产量构成因素进行测定分析。结果表明:苜蓿和燕麦的株高、单位面积生殖枝数、每花序小花数、每花序结荚数、每荚种子数、实际种子产量和理论种子产量均随着燕麦播量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,千粒重随着燕麦播量的增加持续上升。土壤贮水量与苜蓿种子产量呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。在播量S3、行比Z1W2的处理中苜蓿种子产量构成因素效果最佳,苜蓿种子产量达到最高,为414.53 kg·hm-2。通过灰色关联度法对苜蓿产量及产量构成成分进行排序,可得出在银北灌区苜蓿/燕麦复合群体种子生产中,燕麦最优播种量为180 kg·hm-2,最优行比配置为在窄行播种1行宽行播种2行。
The aim of this research was to determine the optimal density and seeding rate of oat for alfalfa seed production under intercropping conditions in the Yinbei irrigation district. To this end, a field experiment was conducted with a split-plot design with two factors. The main plots consisted of four oat seeding rates (S1: 90 kg·ha-1; S2: 135 kg·ha-1; S3: 180 kg·ha-1; S4: 225 kg·ha-1), and the subplots included four row ratio treatments (Z0W2: sown with no narrow rows and two wide rows; Z0W3: sown with no narrow rows and three wide rows; Z1W2: sown with one narrow row and two wide rows; Z1W3: sown with one narrow row and three wide rows). The alfalfa seed yield and its components under different treatments were measured. The results show that as the oat seeding rate increased, the plant height of alfalfa and oat, reproductive branches per unit area, number of florets per inflorescence, number of pods per inflorescence, number of seeds per pod, actual seed yield, and theoretical seed yield initially increased and then decreased, whereas the thousand-seed weight continued to increase. Soil water storage was significantly negatively correlated with alfalfa seed yield (P<0.05). The treatment with seeding rate S3 and row ratio Z1W2 optimized alfalfa seed yield components and achieved the highest yield.
| [1] |
Sun Q Z, Liu Q, Li F, et al. Alfalfa species in ancient China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(8): 155-174. |
| [2] |
孙启忠, 柳茜, 李峰, 我国古代苜蓿物种考述. 草业学报, 2018, 27(8): 155-174. |
| [3] |
Chen D D, Wang Y R, Han Y H. Effects of irrigation frequency and fertilizer rate on alfalfa seed yields in the Yellow River irrigated region. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(3): 154-163. |
| [4] |
陈冬冬, 王彦荣, 韩云华. 灌溉次数和施肥量对甘肃引黄灌区紫花苜蓿种子产量的影响. 草业学报, 2016, 25(3): 154-163. |
| [5] |
Li X Y, Yu S Y, Fu B Z, et al. Effect of film mulching on alfalfa seed yield and components in arid area of Ningxia. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 50(2): 67-74. |
| [6] |
李小云, 余淑艳, 伏兵哲, 覆膜对宁夏干旱区苜蓿种子产量及构成因素的影响. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 50(2): 67-74. |
| [7] |
Mao P S, Ou C M, Jia Z C, et al. Research progress for seed production technology of herbage and turfgrass in China. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2023, 45(1): 1-11. |
| [8] |
毛培胜, 欧成明, 贾志程, 我国牧草与草坪草种子生产技术的研究进展. 中国草地学报, 2023, 45(1): 1-11. |
| [9] |
Askarian M, Hampton J G, Hill M J. Effect of row spacing and sowing rate on seed production of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) cv. Grasslands Oranga. New Zealand Journal of Agriculture Research, 2010, 38(3): 289-295. |
| [10] |
Zhao M Y, Wang B, Wang T F, et al. Effects of different seeding rates on seed yield and components of alfalfa. Pratacultural Science, 2023, 40(11): 2871-2878. |
| [11] |
赵梦雨, 王斌, 王腾飞, 不同播种量对紫花苜蓿种子产量及构成因素的影响. 草业科学, 2023, 40(11): 2871-2878. |
| [12] |
Maimaitimin·Naiyimu, Gulizila·Habudula, Wang Y X. Influence of planting density on alfalfa seed yield and components. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2019, 35(19): 41-44. |
| [13] |
麦麦提敏·乃依木, 古丽孜拉·哈不都拉, 王玉祥. 密度对苜蓿种子产量及其构成因子的影响. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(19): 41-44. |
| [14] |
Du W H, Tian X H, Cao Z Z. Influence of row spacing and irrigation rate on seed yield of Medicago sativa. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2007, 16(3): 81-87. |
| [15] |
杜文华, 田新会, 曹致中. 播种行距和灌水量对紫花苜蓿种子产量及其构成因素的影响. 草业学报, 2007, 16(3): 81-87. |
| [16] |
Undie U L, Uwah D F, Attoe E E. Effect of intercropping and crop arrangement on yield and productivity of late season maize/soybean mixtures in the humid environment of South Southern Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012, 4(4): 1916-9752. |
| [17] |
Rodrigo V H L, Thenakoon S, Stirling C M. Priorities and objectives of smallholder rubber growers and the contribution of intercropping to livelihood strategies: A case study from Sri Lanka. Outlook on Agriculture, 2001, 30(4): 261-266. |
| [18] |
Yang H, Zhao Y J, Liu X J. Effects on photosynthesis characteristics and yield regulations in the alfalfa/oat intercropping. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(1): 187-195. |
| [19] |
杨航, 赵雅姣, 刘晓静. 紫花苜蓿/燕麦间作的光合特征及其对产量的调控效应. 草地学报, 2023, 31(1): 187-195. |
| [20] |
Zhao X N, Wang B, Wang T F, et al. Effects of different seeding amounts of oat reseeding on production performance and nutritional quality of degraded alfalfa grassland. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2024, 46(12): 67-74. |
| [21] |
赵小娜, 王斌, 王腾飞, 补播不同播量燕麦对退化苜蓿草地生产性能和营养品质的影响. 中国草地学报, 2024, 46(12): 67-74. |
| [22] |
Zhao Y J, Liu X J, Lin F. Selection of intercropping combinations suitable for alfalfa and Poaceae forages in semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 97-110. |
| [23] |
赵雅姣, 刘晓静, 蔺芳. 适宜于黄土高原半干旱区豆禾饲草间套作组合的筛选. 草业学报, 2025, 34(3): 97-110. |
| [24] |
Zhang H H. Competitive relation and productivity of mixed sowing pastures between alfalfa and different life forms of perennial gramineous forages. Lan zhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2022. |
| [25] |
张辉辉. 紫花苜蓿与不同生活型多年生禾草混播草地竞争关系及生产力. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2022. |
| [26] |
Sun Q Z, Gui R, Narisu. Superiority and countermeasure to developing alfalfa seed industry in the northwest of China. Pratacultural Science, 2000, 17(2): 65-69. |
| [27] |
孙启忠, 桂荣, 那日苏. 我国西北地区苜蓿种子产业化发展优势与对策. 草业科学, 2000, 17(2): 65-69. |
| [28] |
Wang Q, Li X Y, Huang S D, et al. Effects of planting spacing and row spacing on seed yield and relevant factors of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in arid areas of Ningxia. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2023, 45(8): 31-40. |
| [29] |
王琴, 李小云, 黄淑迪, 株行距对宁夏干旱区苜蓿种子产量及构成因素的影响. 中国草地学报, 2023, 45(8): 31-40. |
| [30] |
Li W X, Chen Y Y. Research progress on soil moisture and its measurement methods. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 42(10): 335-339. |
| [31] |
李旺霞, 陈彦云. 土壤水分及其测量方法的研究进展. 江苏农业科学, 2014, 42(10): 335-339. |
| [32] |
Gao F, Jia Z K, Lu W T, et al. Effects of different straw returning treatments on soil water, maize growth and photosynthetic characteristics in the semi-arid area of Southern Ningxia. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(3): 777-783. |
| [33] |
高飞, 贾志宽, 路文涛, 秸秆不同还田量对宁南旱区土壤水分、玉米生长及光合特性的影响. 生态学报, 2011, 31(3): 777-783. |
| [34] |
Zhao M Y. Effects of mixed sowing of oats and leguminous forages on interspecific relationships and production performance of grassland in arid region of Ningxia. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2023. |
| [35] |
赵梦雨. 宁夏干旱区燕麦与豆科牧草混播对草地种间关系和生产性能的影响. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2023. |
| [36] |
Liu S F, Cai H, Yang Y J, et al. Advance in grey incidence analysis modelling. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2013, 33(8): 2041-2046. |
| [37] |
刘思峰, 蔡华, 杨英杰, 灰色关联分析模型研究进展. 系统工程理论与实践, 2013, 33(8): 2041-2046. |
| [38] |
Wu S Q. Study on key factors affecting seed production and contributing to yield of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2003. |
| [39] |
吴素琴. 紫花苜蓿种子丰产关键因子及产量构成因素的研究. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2003. |
| [40] |
Zhou K S, Liu Y L, Wang Y R. Diversity of seed yield and its components in alfalfa varieties. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2009, 7(1): 95-104. |
| [41] |
周刊社, 刘依兰, 王彦荣. 苜蓿种子产量及其构成因素的多样性研究. 分子植物育种, 2009, 7(1): 95-104. |
| [42] |
Wang B, Yang Y Q, Li M Y, et al. The effect of sowing rate and row spacing on the yield and quality of alfalfa in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(2): 147-158. |
| [43] |
王斌, 杨雨琦, 李满有, 不同播种量下行距配置对紫花苜蓿产量及品质的影响. 草业学报, 2022, 31(2): 147-158. |
| [44] |
Sha B P, Li X, Xie Y Z, et al. Effect of row spacing ratio on seed yield and yield components in drip irrigation of alfalfa. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2019, 27(3): 751-759. |
| [45] |
沙栢平, 李雪, 谢应忠, 株行配比对滴灌苜蓿种子产量及其产量构成因子的影响. 草地学报, 2019, 27(3): 751-759. |
| [46] |
Zhang H H, Zhang X Z, Zhang Y G, et al. Influence of row spacing on seed yield of alfalfa and its components. Grass-Feeding Livestock, 2019(3): 46-50. |
| [47] |
张荟荟, 张学洲, 张一弓, 行距对紫花苜蓿种子产量及其构成因素的影响. 草食家畜, 2019(3): 46-50. |
| [48] |
Wang X G, Han J G, Liu F Y, et al. Effect of spacing and intra-spacing under hole-seeding conditions on alfalfa seed yield and quality. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2006, 28(2): 28-32. |
| [49] |
王显国, 韩建国, 刘富渊, 穴播条件下株行距对紫花苜蓿种子产量和质量的影响. 中国草地学报, 2006, 28(2): 28-32. |
| [50] |
Cui L L. Hybrid analysis of alfalfa and alfalfa and construction of genetic map of SNP markers. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2020. |
| [51] |
崔乐乐. 紫花苜蓿与黄花苜蓿杂种分析及SNP标记遗传图谱构建. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2020. |
| [52] |
Hou Z Z, Zhang A Q, Zhu J Z. The quantitative characteristics of seed yield components and floral traits under different irrigation patterns of alfalfa. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 50(9): 1668-1674. |
| [53] |
侯真珍, 张爱勤, 朱进忠. 不同灌溉模式下苜蓿种子产量构成因素及花部特征对水分亏缺的响应. 新疆农业科学, 2013, 50(9): 1668-1674. |
| [54] |
Yu H Q, Ou C M, Wang Z J, et al. Effects of agronomic measures on seed yield components of alfalfa. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(12): 2853-2861. |
| [55] |
俞鸿千, 欧成明, 王占军, 农艺措施对紫花苜蓿种子产量组分的影响. 草地学报, 2021, 29(12): 2853-2861. |
| [56] |
Wei Y P, Nan L L, Yu C, et al. Effect of row spacing and planting density on the yield and quality of Medicago sativa. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(9): 1898-1905. |
| [57] |
魏永鹏, 南丽丽, 于闯, 种植密度和行距配置对紫花苜蓿群体产量及品质的影响. 草业科学, 2017, 34(9): 1898-1905. |
宁夏自然科学基金(2023AAC03152)
宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLXK2017A01)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |