紫花苜蓿苗期氮利用特性及氮高效品种的筛选
马苹 , 刘志国 , 沙煜舒 , 刘亚玲 , 妥小梅 , 伏兵哲 , 高雪芹
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (04) : 112 -123.
紫花苜蓿苗期氮利用特性及氮高效品种的筛选
Nitrogen utilization characteristics of alfalfa at the seedling stage and screening of nitrogen-efficient varieties
本研究以20个紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,通过低氮(20 mg·L-1)和正常氮(200 mg·L-1)处理,分析不同品种在生长特性、氮同化关键酶活性及氮利用效率等方面的差异,探究紫花苜蓿苗期的氮利用特性,并初步筛选氮高效品种。试验采用营养液水培法,以无氮Hoagland-Arnon营养液为基础,设置低氮(N20)和正常氮(N200)两个水平,对20个紫花苜蓿品种进行培养。测定株高、生物量、根长、根体积等生长指标,硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性等生理指标,以及全株氮含量、氮积累量和氮利用效率。通过相关性分析、多元线性回归和隶属函数法进行综合评价。结果表明:不同品种氮利用特性存在显著差异,在低氮(N20)条件下,不同紫花苜蓿品种的氮利用效率为2.71%~23.66%,品种标杆(MX13)表现出较高的生物量、发达的根系及较强的氮同化能力;品种北方SLT(MX9)表现出较低的生长性能及较低的氮同化能力。正常氮(N200)条件下,不同紫花苜蓿品种的氮利用效率为2.71%~22.36%,标杆(MX13)、岩石(MX16)、骑士2(MX19)的氮利用效率显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,株高、根长、硝酸还原酶活性等指标与氮含量显著正相关,多元线性回归分析表明,氮利用效率受硝酸还原酶和地上生物量的显著影响,可用D=-8.390+0.487×X8+0.476×X2回归方程进行预测。通过隶属函数法综合评价,品种熊岳(MX2)、耐盐之星(MX5)、雷达克之星(MX7)、标杆(MX13)、秘鲁(MX14)、骑士2(MX19)在N20和N200下综合值均大于0.50;皇冠(MX3)、岩石(MX16)、驯鹿(MX20)在N20条件下大于0.5,在N200条件下综合值小于0.5。经综合分析,筛选出氮高效型品种1个、常效型4个、低效型13个和反效型品种2个,研究结果为紫花苜蓿氮高效品种的选育及大田氮肥优化管理提供理论参考。
To screen nitrogen-efficient varieties of alfalfa, the nitrogen utilization characteristics of 20 alfalfa (Medicago sativa) varieties at the seedling stage were analyzed in a hydroponic experiment. The 20 varieties were grown in modified nitrogen-free Hoagland-Arnon nutrient solution supplemented with nitrogen at a low level (N20, 20 mg·L-1) or a normal level (N200, 200 mg·L-1). The growth traits, key nitrogen assimilation enzyme activities, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of the alfalfa plants were analyzed. The growth parameters determined were plant height, biomass, root length, and root volume; the physiological indices were nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, as well as whole-plant nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation, and NUE. Correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and the membership function method were used to compare the performance of the 20 varieties. We detected significant differences in nitrogen utilization characteristics among the 20 varieties. Under low nitrogen (N20), the NUE of alfalfa varieties ranged from 2.71% to 23.66%. The variety ‘Benchmark’ (MX13) exhibited higher biomass, well-developed roots, and stronger nitrogen assimilation capacity, while ‘Northern SLT’ (MX9) showed weaker growth performance and a lower nitrogen assimilation ability. Under normal nitrogen (N200), the NUE of the varieties ranged from 2.71% to 22.36%, with ‘Benchmark’ (MX13), ‘Rock’ (MA16), and ‘Knight 2’ (MX19) demonstrating significantly higher NUE compared with those of the other varieties (P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that plant height, root length, and nitrate reductase activity were significantly positively correlated with nitrogen content. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that NUE was significantly influenced by nitrate reductase activity and aboveground biomass. Using the membership function method for comprehensive evaluation, the varieties ‘ Xiongyue’ (MX2), ‘Salt-Tolerant Star’ (MX5), ‘Radak Star’ (MX7), ‘Benchmark’ (MX13), ‘Peru’ (MX14), and ‘Knight 2’ (MX19) exhibited composite scores of >0.50 under both N20 and N200 conditions. In contrast, ‘Crown’ (MX3), ‘Rock’ (MX16), and ‘Reindeer’ (MX20) showed composite scores of >0.50 under N20 but <0.50 under N200. Based on the comprehensive analysis, one high NUE variety, four normal NUE varieties, 13 low NUE varieties, and two nitrogen-inefficient varieties were identified. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for breeding nitrogen-efficient alfalfa varieties and optimizing nitrogen fertilizer management in field production.
| [1] |
Lyu H G, Kang J M, Long R C, et al. Yield evaluation of 22 alfalfa cultivars in Hebei area. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2018, 26(4): 948-958. |
| [2] |
吕会刚, 康俊梅, 龙瑞才, 河北地区22个紫花苜蓿品种的生产性能比较研究. 草地学报, 2018, 26(4): 948-958. |
| [3] |
Li Y Z, Wu F, Shi S L, et al. Evaluation on production and nutritional value of 13 introduced alfalfa cultivars in Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2019, 37(5): 119-129. |
| [4] |
李玉珠, 吴芳, 师尚礼, 河西走廊13个引进紫花苜蓿品种生产性能和营养价值评价. 干旱地区农业研究, 2019, 37(5): 119-129. |
| [5] |
Wang Y, Cui G W, Yin H, et al. Effects of different fertilization schemes on alfalfa performance and nutritional quality. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(3): 793-803. |
| [6] |
王洋, 崔国文, 尹航, 施肥对紫花苜蓿生产性能及营养品质的影响. 草业科学, 2019, 36(3): 793-803. |
| [7] |
Zhang T J, Zhao Z X, Long R C, et al. Study on effects of N, P and K fertilizers on alfalfa hay and recommended fertilizer rate in Huang-Huai-Hai area. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2019, 27(1): 243-249. |
| [8] |
张铁军, 赵忠祥, 龙瑞才, 黄淮海地区紫花苜蓿氮磷钾肥料效应与推荐施肥量研究. 草地学报, 2019, 27(1): 243-249. |
| [9] |
Yan Y L. Biological nitrogen fixation: Promote the reduction and efficiency of chemical fertilizers and help the green development of agriculture. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2019, 35(10): 6-7. |
| [10] |
燕永亮. 生物固氮: 促进化肥减施增效, 助力农业绿色发展. 生物技术通报, 2019, 35(10): 6-7. |
| [11] |
Yao Y B, Zhang S Q, Chai Y S, et al. Study on nitrogen accumulation characteristics of soybean varieties in different growth periods. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2021(5): 169-175. |
| [12] |
姚玉波, 张树权, 柴永山, 不同生育期大豆品种氮素积累特性研究.中国土壤与肥料, 2021(5): 169-175. |
| [13] |
Tong C C, Liu X J, Wu Y, et al. Regulation of endogenous isoflavones on alfalfa nodulation and nitrogen fixation and nitrogen use efficiency. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(3): 124-135. |
| [14] |
童长春, 刘晓静, 吴勇, 内源异黄酮对紫花苜蓿结瘤固氮及氮效率的调控研究. 草业学报, 2022, 31(3): 124-135. |
| [15] |
Gao L M, Su J, Tian Q, et al. Effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen accumulation and root nitrogenase activity in Medicago sativa at different soil water contents. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(3): 130-136. |
| [16] |
高丽敏, 苏晶, 田倩, 施氮对不同水分条件下紫花苜蓿氮素吸收及根系固氮酶活性的影响. 草业学报, 2020, 29(3): 130-136. |
| [17] |
Cherney J H, Duxbury J M. Inorganic nitrogen supply and symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in alfalfa. Journal of Plant Nutrition,1994,17(12): 2053-2067. |
| [18] |
Li Q, Ding G D, Yang N M, et al. Comparative genome and transcriptome analysis unravels key factors of nitrogen use efficiency in Brassica napus L. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2020, 43(3): 712-731. |
| [19] |
Shi W M, Xu W F, Li S M, et al. Responses of two rice cultivars differing in seedling-stage nitrogen use efficiency to growth under low-nitrogen conditions. Plant and Soil, 2010, 326(1): 291-302. |
| [20] |
Liu C J, Gong X W, Wang H L, et al. Low-nitrogen tolerance comprehensive evaluation and physiological response to nitrogen stress in broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) seedling. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020, 151: 233-242. |
| [21] |
Liu Y N, Liu X J. Effect of fertilization on production performance and quality of different varieties of alfalfa. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2014, 49(1): 111-115. |
| [22] |
刘艳楠, 刘晓静. 施肥对两个紫花苜蓿品种生产性能及营养品质的影响. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2014, 49(1): 111-115. |
| [23] |
Erley G S A, Dewi E R, Nikus O, et al. Genotypic differences in nitrogen efficiency of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). Plant and Soil, 2010, 328(1/2): 313-325. |
| [24] |
Balint T, Rengel Z. Nitrogen efficiency of canola genotypes varies between vegetative stage and grain maturity. Euphytica, 2008, 164(2): 421-432. |
| [25] |
Zhang H, Xue Y G, Wang Z Q, et al. Morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with shoot growth in “super” rice. Field Crops Research, 2009, 113(1): 31-40. |
| [26] |
Worku M, Baenziger M, Erley G S A, et al. Nitrogen efficiency as related to dry matter partitioning and root system size in tropical mid-altitude maize hybrids under different levels of nitrogen stress. Field Crops Research, 2012, 130: 57-67. |
| [27] |
Zhang P Y, Wang D Y, Gao T M, et al. Difference in nitrogen absorption, transportation and utilization of sesame varieties with contrasting nitrogen efficiency at seedling stage. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(6): 134-143. |
| [28] |
张鹏钰, 王东勇, 高桐梅, 不同氮效率芝麻品种苗期氮吸收转运与利用差异. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(6): 134-143. |
| [29] |
Zhang N, Guo R F. Advancements in nitrogen efficient screening of germplasm resources and deficiency tolerance mechanism study in rice. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 41(5): 66-70. |
| [30] |
张宁, 郭荣发. 水稻氮高效种质资源筛选及其耐低氮胁迫机理研究进展. 广东农业科学, 2014, 41(5): 66-70. |
| [31] |
Sun H N, Cao X, Shen Q, et al. Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on yield components of soybean variety Zhongji 602. Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 39(2): 26-31. |
| [32] |
孙浩楠, 曹霞, 申晴, 种植密度和施氮量对中吉602大豆产量构成因素的影响. 内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 39(2): 26-31. |
| [33] |
Zou Q. Experimental guidance of plant physiology. Beijing: China Agricultural Publishing House, 2006. |
| [34] |
邹琦. 植物生理学实验指导. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2006. |
| [35] |
Song X, Zhang K K, Huang C C, et al. Selection of nitrogen-efficient wheat varieties based on principal component analysis. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 49(12): 10-16. |
| [36] |
宋晓, 张珂珂, 黄晨晨, 基于主成分分析的氮高效小麦品种的筛选. 河南农业科学, 2020, 49(12): 10-16. |
| [37] |
Wu Z S, Luo C P, Li H, et al. Screening of high-quality conventional rice varieties with high nitrogen efficiency. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2021, 52(1): 63-69. |
| [38] |
吴子帅, 罗翠萍, 李虎, 氮高效型优质常规稻品种筛选. 南方农业学报, 2021, 52(1): 63-69. |
| [39] |
Zhou N N. The research on the nitrogen's effect on rapeseed yield and quality and relevant analysis. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2005. |
| [40] |
周年年. 氮素对油菜产量和品质的影响及相关分析研究. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2005. |
| [41] |
Zhang H, Forde B G. An Arabidopsis MADS box gene that controls nutrient-induced changes in root architecture. Science, 1998, 279(5349): 407-409. |
| [42] |
Hou Y P, Kong L L, Li Q, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on nitrogen absorption, utilization and soil inorganic nitrogen content under film mulch drip irrigation of maize. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2018, 26(9): 1378-1387. |
| [43] |
侯云鹏, 孔丽丽, 李前, 覆膜滴灌条件下氮肥运筹对玉米氮素吸收利用和土壤无机氮含量的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(9): 1378-1387. |
| [44] |
Liu L H, Fan T F, Shi D X, et al. Coding-sequence identification and transcriptional profiling of nine AMTs and four NRTs from tobacco revealed their differential regulation by developmental stages, nitrogen nutrition, and photoperiod. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018, 9: 210. |
| [45] |
Huang M, Wu J Z, Li Y J, et al. Effects of tillage practices and nitrogen fertilizer application rates on grain yield, protein content in winter wheat and soil nitrate residue in dryland. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(24): 5206-5219. |
| [46] |
黄明, 吴金芝, 李友军, 耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量、蛋白质含量和土壤硝态氮残留的影响. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(24): 5206-5219. |
| [47] |
Sun M, Yan A, Li J Y, et al. Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on growth, quality and water and fertilizer use efficiency of alfalfa. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(6): 1512-1526. |
| [48] |
孙萌, 颜安, 李靖言, 不同水氮处理对紫花苜蓿生长发育、品质及水肥利用效率的影响. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1512-1526. |
| [49] |
Liu D M, Liu Q, Rong X M, et al. Studies on relationship between the characteristics of root and coefficient of nitrogen use efficiency of oilseed rape. Hunan Agricultural Sciences, 2008(2): 64-66, 70. |
| [50] |
刘德明, 刘强, 荣湘民, 油菜根系特性与氮效率系数的关系研究. 湖南农业科学, 2008(2): 64-66, 70. |
| [51] |
Qu Y L, Xie C, Liu X Y, et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on peanut yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2023, 45(2): 1-8. |
| [52] |
曲艳丽, 谢畅, 刘欣宇, 氮肥减施对花生氮素利用效率及产量的影响. 中国油料作物学报, 2023, 45(2): 1-8. |
| [53] |
Singh P, Kumar K, Jha A K, et al. Global gene expression profiling under nitrogen stress identifies key genes involved in nitrogen stress adaptation in maize (Zea mays L.). Scientific Reports, 2022, 12(1): 18. |
| [54] |
Huang G B, Zhang E H, Hu H J. Eco-physiological mechanism on nitrogen use efficiency difference of corn varieties. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2001, 7(3): 293-297. |
| [55] |
黄高宝, 张恩和, 胡恒觉. 不同玉米品种氮素营养效率差异的生态生理机制. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2001, 7(3): 293-297. |
| [56] |
Zhang R Z, Zhang E H, Sun C Z. Study different genotype maize variety on diversity of nitrogen nutrition efficience. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2003, 25(2): 183-186. |
| [57] |
张瑞珍, 张恩和, 孙长占.不同基因型玉米品种氮素营养效率差异的研究. 吉林农业大学学报, 2003, 25(2): 183-186. |
| [58] |
Bittsanszky A, Pilinszky K, Gyulai G, et al. Overcoming ammonium toxicity. Plant Science, 2015, 231: 184-190. |
| [59] |
Pradhan S, Chopra U K, Bandyopadhyay K K, et al. Effect of water and nitrogen management on water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat in a semi-arid environment. International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Technology, 2013, 4(7): 727-732. |
| [60] |
Ye T, Ma J, Zhang P, et al. Interaction effects of irrigation and nitrogen on the coordination between crop water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat production on the North China Plain. Agricultural Water Management, 2022, 271: 12. |
| [61] |
Cui Z, Zhang F, Chen X, et al. Using in-season nitrogen management and wheat cultivars to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2011, 75(3): 976-983. |
| [62] |
Si Z Y. Effects of water and nitrogen on yield and water and nitrogen utilization of winter wheat-summer cotton. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2017. |
| [63] |
司转运. 水氮对冬小麦-夏棉花产量和水氮利用的影响. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2017. |
| [64] |
Ma Y M, Feng Z Y, Wang W, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of winter wheat landraces and modern bred varieties in Xinjiang based on agronomic traits. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(12): 1997-2007. |
| [65] |
马艳明, 冯智宇, 王威, 新疆冬小麦品种农艺及产量性状遗传多样性分析. 作物学报, 2020, 46(12): 1997-2007. |
| [66] |
Li S S, Fu C, Sun J, et al. Effects of nitrogen amount on root physiological activity and grain protein quality in spring wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2012, 32(6): 1139-1143. |
| [67] |
李双双, 付驰, 孙继, 施氮量对春小麦根系生理活性及籽粒蛋白品质的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2012, 32(6): 1139-1143. |
| [68] |
Stahl A, Pfeifer M, Frisch M, et al. Recent genetic gains in nitrogen use efficiency in oilseed rape. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017, 8: 13. |
国家草业技术创新中心(筹)(CCPTZX2023B04)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |