荒漠植物根际土壤核心细菌群落及其功能研究
李建男 , 唐凯 , 孟建宇 , 冯福应 , 赵秀娟 , 李雪菲 , 赵子怡 , 陈向阳
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (04) : 67 -85.
荒漠植物根际土壤核心细菌群落及其功能研究
A study of the core bacterial community and its functions in the rhizosphere soil of desert plants
为解析荒漠植物根际微生物资源及其生态功能,本研究以鄂尔多斯高原沙地草原5种典型荒漠植物沙韭、杨柴、枸杞、猫头刺和大果沙棘为对象,采用三代高通量测序技术对根际土壤细菌进行全长16S rRNA基因测序,结合生物信息学分析揭示其群落特征与功能差异。结果表明:变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门为共有的优势菌门,其中属于放线菌门的类节杆菌属、节杆菌属和假节杆菌属在共现网络中具有较高连接度,构成核心微生物群落。枸杞根际呈独特的群落结构,其绿弯菌门相对丰度显著高于其他植物(P<0.05),且富集长微菌属等特异生物标志物。功能预测显示大果沙棘根际微生物碳固定通路丰度最高,而枸杞特有脂肪酸延伸通路。土壤理化分析表明有机质和速效磷是驱动枸杞根际细菌群落差异的关键因子,pH是驱动大果沙棘、猫头刺和沙韭根际细菌群落的关键因子。本研究发现荒漠植物通过特异性招募假节杆菌属等核心菌群构建抗逆功能模块,为微生物介导的荒漠生态修复提供基础研究及理论依据。
To decipher the rhizosphere microbial resources and their ecological functions in desert plants, this study focused on five typical desert plant species in the sandy grassland of the Ordos Plateau: Allium bidentatum, Hedysarum mongolicum, Lycium chinense, Oxytropis aciphylla, and Fructus hippophae. Third-generation high-throughput sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA genes was performed on rhizosphere soil bacteria, combined with bioinformatics analysis to reveal community characteristics and functional divergence. It was found that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla shared across all plant species. Within Actinobacteria, genera Paenarthrobacter, Arthrobacter, and Pseudarthrobacter exhibited high connectivity in the co-occurrence network, forming the core microbial community. The L. chinense rhizosphere displayed a unique community structure, with significantly higher relative abundance of Chloroflexi compared to other plant species (P<0.05), and enrichment of specific biomarkers such as Longimicrobium. Functional prediction indicated that the rhizosphere microbiota of F. hippophae had the highest abundance of carbon fixation pathways (e.g., one-carbon pool by folate), while L. chinense uniquely enriched the fatty acid elongation pathways. Soil physicochemical analysis identified organic matter and available phosphorus as key drivers of bacterial community divergence in the L. chinense rhizosphere, whereas pH primarily shaped the communities of F. hippophae, O. aciphylla, and A. bidentatum. In summary, the findings reveal that desert plants recruit stress-resistant functional microbes to their rhizosphere through selective enrichment of core genera like Pseudarthrobacter, thus providing insight and theoretical support for microbial-mediated restoration of desert ecosystems.
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内蒙古自治区科技计划(2023YFHH0028)
内蒙古自然科学面上基金(2022MS03025)
内蒙古自然科学面上基金(2023MS03016)
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