轮牧对荒漠草原土壤种子库特征的影响
李豫悦 , 魏浩男 , 马兴忠 , 姜海鑫 , 聂明鹤 , 周瑶 , 代成江 , 田小武 , 王国会 , 马红彬
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (04) : 1 -13.
轮牧对荒漠草原土壤种子库特征的影响
Effects of rotational grazing on characteristics of the soil seed bank in desert steppe
土壤种子库对维持草地植物群落的稳定性、多样性和遗传性至关重要,研究放牧干扰对草地土壤种子库的影响对草地的科学管理具有重要意义。以宁夏砾质灰钙土荒漠草原和沙壤灰钙土荒漠草原为研究对象,通过野外轮牧试验和室内萌发试验,探讨了短期轮牧对土壤种子库特征的影响。结果表明:两种土壤质地的荒漠草原在轮牧下种子库种子密度无显著变化、但多年生植物种子比例增加,主要集中于0~5 cm土层中;相对于封育,轮牧下砾质灰钙土荒漠草原种子库种子Shannon指数提升、Simpson指数下降,而沙壤灰钙土荒漠草原轮牧下Margalef指数与Simpson指数上升,两种土壤质地草原的Pielou指数均无显著变化;种子库物种与地上植被物种相似性较低,其中沙壤灰钙土荒漠草原的相似性整体高于砾质灰钙土荒漠草原;砾质荒漠草原土壤种子库主要受土壤速效钾、pH的影响,而沙壤灰钙土荒漠草原种子库则受全磷、铵态氮的影响。研究认为,轮牧对干旱区荒漠草原土壤种子库的物种组成及密度影响显著,土壤质地和环境因子共同影响着土壤种子库的变化。
The soil seed bank is crucial for maintaining the stability, diversity, and genetic integrity of grassland plant communities. Knowledge of the impact of grazing disturbance on the soil seed bank is essential for the scientific management of grasslands. This research focused on two desert grasslands in gravelly sierozem desert steppe and sandy loam sierozem desert steppe. Field rotational grazing experiments and indoor germination tests were conducted to examine the effects of short-term rotational grazing on the soil seed bank. Results indicate that rotational grazing is not significantly altering soil seed bank density in desert grassland of either soil texture; however, it is driving an increase in perennial plant seed proportions, with seeds showing strong concentration within the 0-5 cm soil layer. Compared to grazing exclusion by fencing, the gravelly sierozem desert steppe under rotational grazing showed an increase in the Shannon index and a decrease in the Simpson index. In contrast, the sandy loam sierozem desert steppe had increases in both the Margalef and Simpson indices. However, the Pielou index of the seed bank did not change significantly with rotational grazing in either type of grassland. The similarity between the seed bank species and aboveground vegetation species was low, with the sandy loam sierozem desert steppe showing overall higher similarity than the gravelly sierozem desert steppe. In the gravelly sierozem desert steppe, the seed bank was mainly influenced by soil factors such as available potassium and pH, while in the sandy loam sierozem desert steppe, it was more affected by total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen. This study suggests that rotational grazing has a significant impact on the species composition and density of the soil seed bank in desert steppe. Soil texture and environmental factors collectively impact soil seed bank dynamics.
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宁夏中央引导地方科技发展专项(2023FRD05035)
国家自然科学基金(32371783)
中卫市2024年退化草原生态修复项目监测与评价项目,原州区草原季节性放牧试点效应监测评价项目(2023)和中卫市沙坡头区2024年防沙治沙示范建设项目资助
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