甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因BvBADH2的克隆及在植物盐胁迫中的作用
魏明 , 吴欣蕊 , 吴璇 , 李昊 , 伍国强 , 张伟杰 , 程子义
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (05) : 185 -195.
甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因BvBADH2的克隆及在植物盐胁迫中的作用
Cloning of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase family BvBADH2 gene and its role in plant salt tolerance
甜菜作为我国北方盐碱地改良的先锋作物,其关键耐盐基因的挖掘对作物遗传改良具有重要理论价值。研究显示,甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因家族BvBADHs通过生物合成甘氨酸甜菜碱可能在甜菜盐胁迫中发挥作用。本研究以耐盐甜菜品种‘甘糖7号’为材料,克隆该家族BvBADH2基因,利用农杆菌介导法构建过表达拟南芥株系,系统验证和解析其耐盐调控机制。基因克隆及生物信息学分析显示:BvBADH2 编码序列(CDS)全长1512 bp,编码503个氨基酸;预测蛋白相对分子量为54.78 kDa,等电点(pI)为5.37,不稳定指数为31.62;含有保守的乙醛脱氢酶结构域(Aldedh, PF00171),且启动子区域具有多种非生物胁迫响应的顺式作用元件。转基因拟南芥盐胁迫表型鉴定发现,150 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下,过量表达株系OE1与OE3的根长、鲜重和叶绿素含量较野生型分别显著增加129.1%、125.0%、104.8%和137.5%、126.3%、107.2% (P<0.01)。进一步研究揭示,OE1/OE3通过特异性积累甘氨酸甜菜碱、脯氨酸和可溶性糖等渗透相容性物质,有效维持细胞渗透势稳态;同时动态激活超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性,显著抑制活性氧积累和缓解膜脂过氧化损伤。上述结果表明,BvBADH2通过“渗透-抗氧化协同调控网络”赋予植物耐盐性,首次在模式植物中验证其功能保守性,为作物耐盐分子设计育种提供了关键酶基因资源。
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) is used as a pioneer crop for saline-alkali soil remediation in northern China. In this context, there is significant theoretical value in investigating crop genetic improvement through the identification of key salt-tolerance genes. Studies have shown that the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene family BvBADHs may play a role in beet salt stress through facilitating glycine betaine biosynthetis. In this study, BvBADH2 was cloned from the salt-tolerant sugar beet cultivar ‘Gantang 7’ and BvBADH2-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana lines were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to systematically analyze and confirm its salt-tolerance mechanisms. Gene cloning and bioinformatics analysis showed that the full length of the BvBADH2 coding sequence (CDS) is 1512 bp, encoding 503 amino acids. The relative molecular weight of the predicted protein is 54.78 kDa, the isoelectric point is 5.37, and the instability index is 31.62. It contains a conserved aldehyde dehydrogenase domain (Aldedh, PF00171), and the promoter region has a variety of abiotic stress-responsive cis-acting elements. In the salt-stress tolerant phenotype of transgenic A. thaliana under 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress, the root length, fresh weight and chlorophyll content of the higher expression transgenic lines OE1 and OE3 were significantly increased by 129.1%, 125.0%, 104.8% and 137.5%, 126.3%, 107.2%, respectively, compared with the wild type (P<0.01). Further studies revealed that BvBADHs overexpression of transgenic plants effectively maintained cell osmotic potential homeostasis by specifically accumulating osmotic protective substances such as glycine betaine, proline, and soluble sugar. Concurrently, dynamic activation of antioxidant enzyme systems-superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase-significantly reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation and alleviated membrane lipid peroxidation. These findings indicate that BvBADH2 confers salt tolerance through an “osmotic-antioxidant synergistic regulatory network”, marking the first functional validation of this gene’s conservation in model plants. This study provides critical insight for the development of enzymatic gene resources aimed at enhancing crop salt tolerance through molecular design breeding.
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国家自然科学基金项目(32360253)
国家自然科学基金项目(32160353)
甘肃省科技专员专项(25CXGA066)
甘肃省高校产业支撑计划项目(2025CYZC-032)
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