基于变化图谱视角下的高寒山地生态系统土地利用模式及驱动因素探究
刘雪霞 , 郝媛媛 , 孟哲 , 安春春 , 何生申 , 黄才成 , 祁瀚 , 花立民 , 楚彬
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (05) : 20 -35.
基于变化图谱视角下的高寒山地生态系统土地利用模式及驱动因素探究
Exploring land use patterns and their driving forces in alpine mountain ecosystems: A changing atlas perspective
为深入揭示高寒山地生态系统土地利用/覆被变化的时空演变特征及其驱动机制,本研究以祁连山国家公园为研究区,基于多期遥感数据构建恒定、涨势与落势图谱,系统分析1990-2022年土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)的演变过程及其驱动因子。结果表明:1)土地利用/覆被变化图谱能够有效反映典型时间节点(1995、1997、2004、2008和2019年)与区域生态工程的高度一致性。2)土地利用/覆被变化图谱可以深入刻画土地利用/覆被各时段的细节差异。具体地,从恒定图谱来看,草原(>48.00%)和裸地(>25.00%)主要呈块状分布于大雪山峰与则吾结山峰区域;从涨势图谱来看,草原扩张主要集中在大雪山峰和冷龙岭山峰区域,而裸地扩张区域则主要集中在祁连山峰和大雪山峰,且扩张幅度裸地低于草原(整体低2.75%),森林、冰雪和水域等类型扩张幅度均较小(<3.00%);从落势图谱来看,草原(>1.40%)和裸地(≥1.09%)的收缩面积明显高于其他类型(>0.01%),且收缩区域除以块状分布于祁连山峰与冷龙岭山峰之间外,还零星分布于整个祁连山脉。3)土地利用/覆被变化图谱可以表征土地利用程度呈东南高、西北低的分布趋势,且主要受潜在蒸散发量、海拔和人类足迹等自然因子的影响(>0.09),同时经济发展和政策干预的影响作用逐渐显现。本研究展示了一种基于变化图谱的LUCC动态识别新路径,不仅能够区分其稳定区与变化区,还能量化其动态变化,提升了土地系统动态表达的精度与深度。研究结果可为高寒山地生态系统管理提供科学参考与决策支持。
The aim of this research was gain deeper insights into the spatio-temporal evolution of land use/cover change (LUCC) and its driving mechanisms in Qilian Mountain National Park, an alpine ecosystem. Based on multi-temporal remote sensing data, this study constructed maps showing where land use/cover has remained constant, expanded, and contracted, and systematically analyzed the evolution of LUCC and its driving factors during 1990-2022. The results show that: 1) The LUCC trajectory maps effectively captured the consistency among typical time nodes (1995, 1997, 2004, 2008, and 2019) and regional ecological projects. 2) The LUCC trajectory maps revealed differences in LUCC across periods. Specifically, the constancy map indicates that grassland (>48.00%) and bare land (>25.00%) are primarily distributed in patches around the Daxue and Zewujie peaks. The expansion map shows that grassland expansion has been concentrated around the Daxue and Lenglongling peaks, while bare land expansion has mainly occurred around the Qilian and Daxue peaks, although the magnitude of expansion has been lower for bare land than for grassland (by 2.75% overall). Forest, glacier/snow, and water expansion have been relatively minor (<3.00%). The contraction map shows that grassland (>1.40%) and bare land (≥1.09%) areas have decreased more than other land types (>0.01%), with areas of contraction patchily distributed between the Qilian and Lenglongling peaks and scattered across the entire Qilian range. 3) The LUCC trajectory maps further reveal a southeast-northwest gradient in land use intensity, which has been mainly affected by natural factors such as potential evapotranspiration, elevation, and human footprint (>0.09), whereas the effects of economic development and policy interventions have become increasingly evident over time. The results of this study demonstrate a novel trajectory-based approach for dynamic LUCC identification that distinguishes stable areas from changing areas and quantifies their dynamics, thereby improving the precision and depth of land-system dynamics representation. The findings provide a scientific reference and decision-making support for alpine ecosystem management.
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甘肃农业大学青年研究生指导教师扶持基金(GAU-QDFC-2025-06)
草地生态系统教育部重点实验室“揭榜挂帅”项目(KLGE-2024-06)
国家林业和草原局草地啮齿动物危害防控创新团队资助
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