小黑麦种质资源萌芽期耐盐性评价与筛选
李铮 , 胡海英 , 兰剑 , 丁莉 , 魏文博 , 李玉莲 , 马巧利
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (05) : 225 -238.
小黑麦种质资源萌芽期耐盐性评价与筛选
Evaluation and screening of salt tolerance of triticale germplasm resources at the germination stage
为提升宁夏引黄灌区盐碱地利用效率并缓解粮草争地矛盾,本研究以103份小黑麦种质材料为对象,开展耐盐性评价与筛选。通过0~300 mmol·L-1 NaCl梯度胁迫预试验,确定200 mmol·L-1 NaCl为最适胁迫浓度。基于存活率、株高、地上部鲜重、根长及叶绿素含量等耐盐系数,采用主成分分析提取3个综合指标(累计贡献率>80%),结合隶属函数及聚类分析,筛选出耐盐型材料(QT-5、LJ-65)和盐敏感型材料(M90、M36)。进一步测定6份代表性材料的萌发指标(发芽势、存活率)、表型指标(株高、地上部鲜重、根长)及生理生化指标[丙二醛(MDA)含量,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性],发现小黑麦叶片较根系更早响应盐胁迫,耐盐型材料的抗氧化酶(CAT、POD、SOD)活性变化大于盐敏感材料,而MDA含量仅在耐盐性差异显著时有明显变化,表明活性氧清除能力是耐盐性的关键生理机制。本研究为宁夏地区小黑麦耐盐育种提供了优异种质资源,并丰富了耐盐性评价的生理指标体系。
The overall aim of our research is to improve saline-alkali land utilization efficiency and alleviate the competition between grain and forage production in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation region. To this end, we evaluated and screened 103 triticale (×Triticosecale) germplasm at the germination stage to determine their salt tolerance. Preliminary trials were conducted under a NaCl gradient (0-300 mmol·L-1), and the results showed that 200 mmol·L-1 NaCl was the optimal concentration for evaluation. Three principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of >80% were extracted from the salt tolerance coefficients of survival rate, plant height, shoot fresh weight, root length, and chlorophyll content. Integrated membership function and cluster analyses identified two salt-tolerant genotypes (QT-5, LJ-65) and two salt-sensitive genotypes (M90, M36). Six representative accessions were further analyzed to determine their germination traits (germination potential, survival rate), phenotypic parameters (plant height, shoot fresh weight, root length), and physiological indices [malondialdehyde (MDA) content, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities]. The results show that triticale leaves responded to salt stress earlier than roots. The increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, SOD) were greater in salt-tolerant genotypes than in salt-sensitive ones, whereas the MDA content only varied significantly when salt tolerance differed markedly. These findings suggest that the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species is crucial for salt tolerance. The results of this study identify elite germplasm resources for salt-tolerant triticale breeding in Ningxia and demonstrate the use of a robust physiological evaluation system to screen salt-tolerant materials.
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宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2023BCF01012)
宁夏回族自治区中央引导地方科技发展专项项目(2024FRD05055)
全职引进高层次人才(2024BEH04144)
2025年宁夏大学创新创业训练计划(202510748549)
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