稗草对水稻生长和产量性状的影响及其防除经济阈值研究
范菊凤 , 潘浪 , 彭德军 , 彭亚军 , 李巳夫 , 农成银 , 杜坚豪 , 刘祥英 , 马国兰
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (04) : 124 -134.
稗草对水稻生长和产量性状的影响及其防除经济阈值研究
Effects of barnyardgrass on rice growth and yield traits, and determination of its economic control threshold
为明确稻田稗草种群密度与水稻生长及产量损失的定量关系,构建其防除经济阈值模型,本研究通过盆栽与田间试验,系统分析0~25株·m-2稗草密度梯度对直播/机插水稻株型构建(株高、分蘖)及产量形成(有效穗数、实粒数、千粒重)的竞争效应。运用回归模型解析稗草密度-水稻产量损失的关系,基于作物参数构建防除阈值模型。盆栽试验显示:稗草密度≥7株·桶-1时,水稻株高抑制率达25.15%,分蘖衰减幅度达80.82%,呈现显著的密度胁迫效应;田间试验表明:稗草在25株·m-2密度下,直播与机插水稻株高分别降低15.27%和24.07%,有效穗数降幅为70%~80%,实粒数减少45.55%和52.80%,千粒重下降3.46%和3.86%,最终导致产量损失高达86.44%和89.40%;模型分析表明:直播水稻产量损失符合二次函数模型(y=1.0870x²+1.1526x-4.0842,R²=0.969),机插水稻呈线性响应(y=11.6774x-15.1928,R²=0.948),经校准后确定防除经济阈值分别为2.55和1.63株·m-2。稗草通过干扰水稻分蘖发生(抑制率>42%),进而影响穗部发育(有效穗降幅>70%),导致水稻严重减产。本研究建立的动态阈值模型为不同水稻栽培模式下稗草的精准防控提供了依据,揭示了直播和机插水稻对不同稗草密度胁迫的差异化响应,对构建精准杂草管理体系具有重要实践价值。
This research aimed to clarify the quantitative relationship between barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) density and Oryza sativa growth and yield loss, and establish an economic threshold model for its control. Pot and field experiments were conducted to systematically evaluate the competition effects of 0-25 plants·m-2 barnyardgrass on rice growth traits (plant height, tiller number) and yield components (effective panicles number, filled grains number, 1000-grain weight) in both direct-seeded and machine-transplanted rice systems. Regression models were used to analyze the barnyardgrass density-rice yield loss relationship, and a control threshold model was constructed based on crop parameters. Pot trials showed that at ≥7 plants·barrel-1, rice plant height and tiller number were suppressed by 25.15% and 80.82%, respectively, exhibiting significant density-dependent stress. Field data indicated that 25 plants·m-2 barnyardgrass reduced rice height by 15.27% in direct-seeded rice and 24.07% in machine-transplanted rice, and reducing effective panicles number by 70%-80%, filled grains number by 45.55% and 52.80%, respectively, and 1000-grain weight by 3.46% and 3.86%, resulting in 86.44% and 89.40% yield loss in seeded and machine-transplanted rice, respectively. Regression model analysis indicated a quadratic relationship for direct-seeded rice (y=1.0870 x²+1.1526 x-4.0842, R²=0.969) and a linear response in machine-transplanted rice (y=11.6774 x-15.1928, R²=0.948). After calibration, the economic thresholds for weed control were determined to be 2.55 (direct-seeding) and 1.63 plants·m-2 (machine-transplanting). Barnyardgrass reduces rice yield primarily by inhibiting tillering (>42% reduction rate) and subsequently affecting panicle development (>70% reduction in effective panicle number). The dynamic threshold models established in this study provide a basis for the precise control of barnyardgrass under different rice cultivation modes. These results reveal differential responses of direct-seeded and machine-transplanted rice to varying barnyardgrass density stresses. This information holds significant practical value for constructing precision weed management systems.
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国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1401100)
湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(22A0158)
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