养分添加对科尔沁盐碱化草地植物多样性和地上生物量的影响
聂莹莹 , 徐丽君 , 徐修远 , 薛玮 , 吴欣珈 , 袁波 , 张钊 , 张洪志 , 周琼 , 李禹霖
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (05) : 61 -71.
养分添加对科尔沁盐碱化草地植物多样性和地上生物量的影响
Effects of nutrient addition on plant diversity and aboveground biomass of saline-alkali grassland in Horqin
为探明养分添加对科尔沁盐碱化草地植物多样性和地上生物量以及二者关系的影响,为盐碱化草地生态系统恢复重建和利用提供理论依据和数据支撑,本研究在科尔沁盐碱化草地进行养分添加试验,设置7个处理,分别为不施肥(CK)、氮肥+菌剂(NG)、氮肥+生物有机肥A(NN)、氮肥+生物有机肥B(NO)、复合肥+菌剂(NPG)、复合肥+生物有机肥A(NPN)、复合肥+生物有机肥B(NPO),采用随机区组设计,分别于每年6月初和8月初进行养分添加试验,研究各养分处理下科尔沁盐碱化草地植物多样性、地上生物量的变化情况。结果表明:1)养分添加处理能不同程度减少植物多样性。与CK相比,复合肥处理(NPG、NPN和NPO)下,Shannon-Wiener指数显著减少了13.55%~25.65%、Pielou指数降低了6.45%~14.68%、Margalef指数显著降低了14.19%~30.24%、Simpson指数降低了3.69%~14.19%;氮肥处理(NG、NN、NO)下,Shannon-Wiener指数减少了3.32%~29.17%、Pielou指数降低了4.99%~9.54%、Margalef指数显著减少了19.35%~32.18%、Simpson指数降低了4.20%~11.64%。2)养分添加处理显著增加了科尔沁盐碱化草地群落地上生物量和禾本科生物量,且复合肥处理促进效应更强,尤其是复合肥+生物有机肥B组合措施,与CK相比,分别提高了74.76%和123.64%(P<0.05)。豆科与杂类草植物功能群生物量在养分添加后有所降低,但未达到显著性水平。3)在养分添加处理后,Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数与地上生物量之间均呈显著负线性相关关系,Margalef指数和Simpson指数与地上生物量之间负相关关系不显著。外源养分添加显著增加了科尔沁盐碱地群落地上生物量(主要由禾本科植物生物量增加导致),但却不同程度地降低了植物多样性,使得物种多样性与地上生物量之间为负线性相关关系。
This study aimed to elucidate the effect of nutrient addition on plant diversity and aboveground biomass in saline-alkali grassland, and to explore the relationship between these two factors. The overall goal of this research was to provide a theoretical foundation and data support for the restoration, reconstruction, and utilization of saline-alkali grassland ecosystems. A field study was conducted in saline-alkali grassland in Horqin. The experiment had a randomized block design, and consisted of a control (no fertilization, CK) and six treatments: nitrogen fertilizer+microbial agent (NG), nitrogen fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizer A (NN), nitrogen fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizer B (NO), compound fertilizer+microbial agent (NPG), compound fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizer A (NPN), and compound fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizer B (NPO). Fertilizer was applied in early June and early August of 2023 and 2024, and a vegetation survey was conducted in mid-August of 2024. The effects of adding different types of nutrients on plant diversity and aboveground biomass in saline-alkali grassland were analyzed. The main results were as follows: 1) All of the nutrient addition treatments reduced plant diversity to some degree. Compared with CK, the compound fertilizer treatments (NPG, NPN, and NPO) resulted in significant decreases in the Shannon-Wiener index by 13.55%-25.65%, the Pielou index by 6.45%-14.68%, the Margalef index by 14.19%-30.24%, and Simpson index by 3.69%-14.19%. Compared with CK, the nitrogen treatments (NG, NN, NO) resulted in significant decreases in the Shannon-Wiener index by 3.32%-29.17%, the Pielou index by 4.99%-9.54%, the Margalef index by 19.35%-32.18%, and Simpson index by 4.20%-11.64%. 2) Nutrient addition treatments significantly increased the aboveground biomass of the community and the biomass of Poaceae in the saline-alkali grassland in Horqin. The combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus had a stronger promoting effect, particularly the combination of compound fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer B, which increased the aboveground biomass and Poaceae biomass by 74.76% and 123.64%, respectively, compared with CK (P<0.05). The biomass of two functional groups (legumes and forbs) decreased after nutrient addition, but the changes were not statistically significant. 3) After nutrient addition, both the Shannon-Wiener index and the Pielou index showed a significant negative linear correlation with aboveground biomass, whereas the Margalef index and Simpson index exhibited non-significant negative correlations with aboveground biomass. Exogenous nutrient addition significantly increased the aboveground biomass of the plant community in saline-alkali grassland in Horqin, primarily driven by the increase in grass family biomass. However, it reduced plant diversity to varying degrees, resulting in a negative linear relationship between species diversity and aboveground biomass.
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内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2023YFDZ0019)
国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34)
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