1981-2020年三江源区可食牧草时空变化及气候驱动机制研究
Spatiotemporal dynamics of edible forage and its climatic driving mechanisms in the Three-River Headwaters Region from 1981 to 2020
三江源区作为青藏高原生态安全屏障的核心区域,其可食牧草动态变化对高寒草地可持续利用至关重要。本研究基于多源遥感数据(全球陆表特征参量产品和应用遥感-过程耦合模型GLOPEM CEVSA估算的NPP数据集、Landsat系列卫星影像)、长期草地样方监测数据及气象资料,量化了不同退化梯度下可食牧草比例的时空分异特征,构建了1981-2020年三江源区天然草地可食牧草的产草量数据集。结果表明:1)近40年全区可食牧草比例均值为0.69,呈“下降-波动-回升”趋势,分时段均值依次为0.72(1981-1990)、0.69(1991-2004)、0.66(2005-2012)和0.70(2013-2020),虽经生态工程修复,仍未恢复至80年代初水平;2)1981-2020年,三江源区可食牧草产草量空间上自东向西递减,年均值为403.48 kg·hm-2,年均产草总量为1322.61万t,62.5%区域呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05);3)年均温是可食牧草产草量变化的主控因子,正相关区域占68.3%,降水驱动作用在干旱区(<400 mm)及重度退化区显著增强;4)三江源国家公园内可食牧草产草量整体呈增长趋势,但园区间差异显著,澜沧江源园区年均产草量为399.56 kg·hm-2,高于长江源园区(169.37 kg·hm-2)。本研究分析了气候变暖与降水格局变化对高寒草地可食牧草恢复的差异化调控机制,为三江源区草地适应性管理提供了科学依据。
The Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR) is a core area of the ecological security barrier on the Tibetan Plateau. Understanding the dynamics of edible forage in this area is crucial for the sustainable utilization of alpine grasslands. This study integrated multi-source remote sensing data, including the global land surface satellite (GLASS) products, the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) dataset estimated by the remote sensing process coupled model, the global production efficiency model carbon exchange and vegetation structure analysis (GLOPEM CEVSA), and Landsat satellite imagery, long-term field monitoring data, and meteorological records to construct a grassland yield dataset (1981-2020) and quantify the spatiotemporal differentiation of the proportions of edible forage under varying degradation gradients. The results show that: 1) Over the past 40 years, the average edible forage proportion was 0.69, showing a “decline-fluctuation-recovery” trend, with periodical averages of 0.72 (1981-1990), 0.69 (1991-2004), 0.66 (2005-2012), and 0.70 (2013-2020). Despite ecological restoration efforts, the proportion of edible forage has not returned to the level in the early 1980s. 2) The edible forage yield exhibited a spatial decline from east to west, with an annual average of 403.48 kg·ha-1 and a total yield of 13.2261×106 t. Significant increases (P<0.05) occurred in 62.5% of the regions. 3) The annual average temperature dominated climatic drivers (68.3% of areas showed positive correlations) affecting the spatiotemporal dynamics of edible forage, while precipitation exerted stronger effects in arid zones (<400 mm) and severely degraded areas. 4) Within the Three-River Source National Park, edible forage yield showed an overall increasing trend but varied significantly among zones, being markedly higher in the Lancang River Source Park (399.56 kg·ha-1) than in the Yangtze River Source Park (169.37 kg·ha-1). The results of this study elucidate the differential regulatory mechanisms of climate warming and precipitation changes on alpine grassland restoration, providing a scientific foundation for adaptive management strategies in the TRHR.
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国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD096)
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