种植作物对土壤草甘膦农药的降解效应研究
The degradation effects of soil glyphosate pesticide by plant crops
草甘膦已成为全球使用量最大和使用范围最广的除草剂之一,但其过度使用会威胁生态环境,如何降解土壤中草甘膦农药残留已成为人类面临的重大难题之一。本试验以大豆、油菜、野豌豆、二月兰、葱和板蓝根6种植物为研究对象,测定其生长45和90 d后对两种浓度草甘膦(0.05和0.25 mg·kg-1)的降解效应,并用土壤微生物量碳氮和土壤酶活性表征其对土壤的修复效应。结果表明:生长45 d后,草甘膦浓度为0.05 mg·kg-1时,油菜、大豆和野豌豆对草甘膦的降解率分别为49.1%、48.4%和48.1%;草甘膦浓度为0.25 mg·kg-1时,降解率分别为66.9%、61.2%和62.2%,其他植物对草甘膦的降解率影响效果不理想;大豆和野豌豆可显著提高草甘膦残留土壤的微生物量碳氮含量(P<0.05),表明其可促进土壤微生物的繁衍;大豆和野豌豆可显著提高草甘膦残留土壤的β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、N-乙酰-氨基葡萄糖苷酶、N-乙酰-氨基半乳糖苷酶和土壤碱性磷酸酶活性。表明其可促进土壤碳、氮、磷元素的循环,其他植物对草甘膦残留土壤的微生物量碳氮和酶活性影响效果不显著。因此,果树行间种植大豆和野豌豆可通过促进微生物的繁衍,加速土壤营养元素的循环,进而降解土壤草甘膦农药的残留,达到改良土壤质量的效果。
Glyphosate has become one of the most widely used herbicides globally in both application and coverage, but its excessive poses threatens the ecological environment. How to degrade the glyphosate residues in soil has become one of the major challenges facing humanity. To degrade the soil glyphosate with different concentrations (0.05 and 0.25 mg·kg-1), six plants(i.e., Glycine max, Brassica napus, Vicia sepium, Orychophragmus violaceus, Allium fistulosum, and Radix isatidis)acted as research subjects. The degradation ratio, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and soil enzyme activities were measured after 45 and 90 days of plant growth to evaluate their remediation effect. The results showed that: B. napus, G. max and V. sepium had significant degradation effects on glyphosate in soil (P<0.05). After growing for 45 days, the degradation rates of B. napus, G. max and V. sepium were 49.1%, 48.4% and 48.1% at the glyphosate concentration of 0.05 mg·kg-1, respectively, and 66.9%, 61.2% and 62.2% at the glyphosate concentration of 0.25 mg·kg-1, respectively. The effects of other plants on the degradation rate of glyphosate are not satisfactory. G. max and V. sepium could significantly increase the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in glyphosate-contaminated soil (P<0.05), indicating that they can promote the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms; G. max and V. sepium significantly increased the activities of β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-galactosaminidase, and soil alkaline phosphatase in glyphosate-contaminated soil. This suggests that they can enhance soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling, the effects of other plants on the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, as well as the enzyme activities in the glyphosate-residual soil, were not significant. Therefore, planting G. max and V. sepium between rows of fruit trees could promote microbial reproduction, accelerate soil nutrient cycling, further degrade soil glyphosate pesticide residues, and improve soil quality.
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天水师范大学研究生创新引导项目(TYCX2455)
天水师范大学研究生创新引导项目(TCXM2537)
甘肃省重点研发计划-农业领域(25YFNE002)
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