产酶溶杆菌LE16对烤烟生长的促进作用
段艳雪 , 杨柳 , 王勇 , 韩雪 , 刘东阳 , 马超 , 邓全 , 陈玉蓝 , 黄建国 , 李勇
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (05) : 151 -161.
产酶溶杆菌LE16对烤烟生长的促进作用
Promotion effect of Lysobacter enzymogenes LE16 on the growth of tobacco
烤烟是喜肥且需肥量大的经济作物。我国植烟区土壤长期大量施用氮磷等化肥,虽富含养分,但多为难溶态有机氮磷,不易被植物吸收。因此,通过微生物活化土壤中难溶的养分,可减少化肥施用量,降低成本,实现烤烟的减肥增效。本研究通过土壤培养试验、纯培养试验和盆栽试验,研究了产酶溶杆菌LE16对土壤养分活化和烤烟生长的影响。研究发现,菌株LE16具备分泌蛋白酶和磷酸酶的能力。土壤培养结果表明,接种LE16,土壤中的中性蛋白酶和中性磷酸酶活性、碱解氮和有效磷含量均显著增加(P<0.05),其中碱解氮含量与中性蛋白酶活性(r=0.925**,P<0.01),有效磷含量与中性磷酸酶活性(r=0.405*,P<0.05)均呈显著正相关关系。盆栽试验结果表明,与施化肥处理(CF)相比,化肥+LE16(CF+LE16)和90%化肥+LE16(0.9CF+LE16)处理根际土壤的中性蛋白酶、中性磷酸酶活性和碱解氮含量分别显著提高了21.96%和46.08%、35.59%和52.13%、18.58%和12.83%(P<0.05);CF+LE16和0.9CF+LE16处理的土壤有效磷含量均高于CF处理,但无显著差异。CF+LE16和0.9CF+LE16处理的烤烟植株氮、磷和钾养分的吸收量较CF处理分别显著提高了16.55%和9.24%(氮)、5.70%和4.83%(磷)、18.46%和11.59%(钾)(P<0.05)。此外,0.9CF+LE16处理的茎鲜重/干重、叶鲜重/干重、株高、最大叶面积等,与CF处理相当。研究表明产酶溶杆菌LE16能活化土壤养分,促进烤烟植株养分的吸收和生长,在减肥增效中具有较好的应用前景。
Nicotiana tabacum is a cash crop with high fertilizer demands. In Chinese tobacco-growing regions, long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, has led to accumulate nutrient-rich in soils, which are poorly available for plant uptake with insoluble organic forms. Utilizing microorganisms to solubilize these bound nutrients presents a viable strategy to reduce fertilizer application, lower costs, and improve nutrient-use efficiency in tobacco cultivation. This study investigated the effects of Lysobacter enzymogenes LE16 on soil nutrient mobilization and tobacco growth through soil incubation experiments, pure culture assays, and pot trials. The results demonstrated that strain LE16 secretes protease and phosphatase enzymes. In soil incubation experiments, inoculation with LE16 significantly enhanced the activities of neutral protease and neutral phosphatase, concurrently increasing the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil (P<0.05). Significant positive correlations were observed between alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content and neutral protease activity (r=0.925**, P<0.01), and available phosphorus content and neutral phosphatase activity (r=0.405*, P<0.05). Pot experiments revealed that activities of the neutral protease and neutral phosphatase, as well as the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the rhizosphere soil were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the treatments receiving chemical fertilizer+LE16 (CF+LE16) and 90% chemical fertilizer+LE16 (0.9CF+LE16) compared to treatment with chemical fertilizer (CF). Specifically, neutral protease activity increased by 21.96% and 46.08%, neutral phosphatase activity by 35.59% and 52.13%, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen by 18.58% and 12.83%, in the CF+LE16 and 0.9CF+LE16 treatments, respectively. The available phosphorus content in the CF+LE16 and 0.9CF+LE16 treatments was higher than that in the CF treatment, though not significantly. Furthermore, the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in tobacco plants was significantly promoted (P<0.05) in the CF+LE16 and 0.9CF+LE16 treatments, with increases of 16.55% and 9.24% for nitrogen, 5.70% and 4.83% for phosphorus, and 18.46% and 11.59% for potassium, respectively. Additionally, growth parameters-including stem fresh/dry weight, leaf fresh/dry weight, plant height, and maximum leaf area-in the 0.9CF+LE16 treatment were comparable to those in the CF treatment. The study demonstrates that L. enzymogenes LE16 effectively mobilizes bound soil nutrients, enhances nutrient uptake, and promotes tobacco plant growth, showing considerable potential for reducing fertilizer application while maintaining yield.
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四川省烟草公司凉山州分公司2023年新品种、新产品、新材料、新技术试验示范(SCYC202318)
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