不同能量水平精补料对生长期舍饲牦牛生产性能、血液生化指标及瘤胃微生物群落的影响
张剑搏 , 王磊 , 张强龙 , 叶培麟 , 黄伟华 , 张福年 , 李荣 , 石勇
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (06) : 190 -201.
不同能量水平精补料对生长期舍饲牦牛生产性能、血液生化指标及瘤胃微生物群落的影响
Effects of supplemental feeds with different energy contents on the productive performance, blood biochemical indices, and ruminal microbial community of growing yaks
为探究不同能量水平精补料对生长期舍饲牦牛生产性能、血液生化指标及其瘤胃微生物群落的影响,选初始体重相近的27头1周岁牦牛作为试验动物,随机分为3组,每组9头,分别饲喂低(LG)、中(MG)、高(HG)3个能量水平的精补料,其中试验预饲期7 d,正饲期110 d。结果表明:1)试验末期,LG、MG和HG组牦牛终末体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量均无显著差异(P>0.05),但与初始体重相比,终末体重分别提高了79.91%、82.27%和86.16%。2)随着精补料能量水平的升高,HG组牦牛血清中生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子1和胰岛素样生长因子2浓度显著高于LG组(P<0.05),但LG组牦牛血清总抗氧化能力显著高于HG组(P<0.05),其他血清生化指标有升高趋势但无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)各组间牦牛瘤胃微生物群落的Alpha和Beta多样性无显著差异,但奇异菌属、UCG-005菌属、毛螺旋菌科UCG-008菌属、真/优杆菌属等菌属在HG组牦牛瘤胃中显著富集(P<0.05),而梭菌纲UCG-014未定名菌属、普雷沃氏菌科UCG-001菌属的微生物群落在LG组牦牛瘤胃中显著富集(P<0.05)。4)Mantel检验进一步发现瘤胃解琥珀酸菌属与宿主血液中的总胆固醇(TC)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)浓度呈显著负相关(P<0.05),Xylanibacter与宿主血液中的游离脂肪酸(NEFA)浓度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。综上,对生长期舍饲牦牛饲喂高能量水平的精补料可提高牦牛血液中与生长相关的激素水平,增加瘤胃微生物群落多样性,进而提升牦牛生产性能。
This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplemental feeds with different energy levels on the growth rate of yaks. A total of 27 one-year-old yaks with similar initial body weights were randomly divided into three groups, with nine yaks per group. The three groups were fed concentrate feeds with low (LG), medium (MG), and high (HG) energy levels. The pre-feeding period lasted for 7 days, followed by a formal feeding period of 110 days. The production performance, blood biochemical indices, and rumen microbial communities of growing yaks were measured during the growth period. The results show that: 1) At the end of the trial, there were no significant differences in final body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake among the LG, MG, and HG groups (P>0.05). However, compared with the initial body weight, the final body weight of yaks in the LG, MG, and HG groups was increased by 79.91%, 82.27%, and 86.16%, respectively. 2) The concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, and insulin-like growth factor 2 in serum were significantly higher in the HG group than in the LG group (P<0.05), whereas the total antioxidant capacity in serum was significantly lower in the HG group than in the LG group (P<0.05). Other serum biochemical indicators tended to increase with increasing energy levels in the diet but the differences among the three groups were not significant (P>0.05). 3) There was no significant difference in the alpha and beta diversity of rumen microbial communities among the three groups. However, taxa such as Atopobium, UCG-005, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-008, and Eubacterium were significantly enriched in the rumen of the HG group (P<0.05), and microbial communities dominated by norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014 and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 were significantly enriched in the rumen of the LG group (P<0.05). 4) Mantel tests revealed that the abundance of Succiniclasticum in the rumen was significantly negatively correlated with the total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood (P<0.05), and the abundance of Xylanibacter was significantly negatively correlated with the non-esterified fatty acid concentration in the blood (P<0.05). The results of this study indicate that increasing the energy level of concentrated feed can increase the levels of hormones such as growth hormone and enhance the diversity of rumen microbial communities, thereby improving the growth rate of yaks.
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