宁夏中部干旱区一年生饲草轮作系统生产效益分析
Production benefit analysis of annual forage rotation systems in an arid area of central Ningxia
与传统单播模式相比,将混播系统纳入单播模式可以增加轮作作物多样性。然而,这种模式能否提高作物产量和经济效益仍需验证。此外,混播系统与单播模式在物质能量投入上的差异如何影响能量利用效率和温室气体排放目前仍不清楚。于2023和2024年通过开展大田定位试验,采用随机区组设计,分别设置3个处理[玉米单作(M)、甜高粱/拉巴豆-玉米(S/L-M)、饲用燕麦/毛苕子-玉米(O/V-M)],对其进行了产量(鲜草和干草产量)、经济效益(产值、成本与净收益)、能源效益(投入与产出和能量利用率)、温室气体排放(N2O排放量和排放强度)以及生态效能指数(EEIEI和EEIGHG)指标系统的观测与分析。结果表明:与M模式相比,采用轮作措施系统干草产量和经济效益分别提高了157.1%和93.5%,同时物质能量投入也提高了127.5%,其中人工投入与种子投入是主要驱动因素,分别增加了67.5%和60.0%。然而,轮作措施虽提高了系统物质投入,但其能量利用效率也提高了34.6%,进而温室气体排放强度降低了211.8%。此外,与O/V-M模式相比,S/L-M模式在系统产量和经济效益方面表现更优。由于物质能量利用效率的提升,该模式使温室气体排放强度降低了15.4%,生态效能指数提高了16.9%。采用甜高粱/拉巴豆-玉米(S/L-M)模式代替玉米单作模式不仅能有效缓解饲草短缺、显著提高系统产量和经济效益,还可提升物质能量利用效率,降低温室气体排放强度,可作为宁夏中部干旱农业可持续发展的推荐模式。
Compared with traditional monocropping systems, mixed cropping systems can increase crop diversity in rotations. However, whether this approach enhances crop yields and economic benefits remains to be verified. Furthermore, the impact of differing material and energy inputs between mixed cropping systems and monocropping systems on energy utilization efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions remains unclear. Field trials were conducted in 2023 and 2024 using a randomized block design with three treatments: [maize (Zea mays) monoculture (M)], [Sorghum bicolor/Lablab purpureus-maize (S/L-M)], and [Avena sativa/hairy vetch (Vicia villosa)-maize (O/V-M)]. Measurements and analyses were carried out to determine yield (fresh and dry forage yield), economic benefits (output value, costs, and net income), energy efficiency (input-output ratios and energy utilization rates), greenhouse gas emissions (N2O emissions and emission intensity), and ecological efficiency indices [EEIEI (economic ecological efficiency index) and EEIGHG (greenhouse gas emissions ecological efficiency index)]. The results show that, compared with the M model, the S/L-M system increased yield and economic benefits by 157.1% and 93.5%, respectively, with material and energy inputs increased by 127.5%. Labor and seed inputs were the primary drivers of the increased material and energy inputs, being increased by 67.5% and 60.0%, respectively, in the cropping rotation system. However, while the rotation system increased material inputs, it also improved energy utilization efficiency by 211.8%, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emission intensity by 34.6%. Compared with the O/V-M system, the S/L-M system demonstrated superior performance in terms of both yield and economic benefits. Because of its enhanced material and energy utilization efficiencies, the S/L-M system reduced greenhouse gas emission intensity by 15.4% and increased the ecological efficiency index by 16.9%. These results show that replacing maize monoculture with the S/L-M model not only effectively alleviates forage shortages and significantly boosts system yield and economic benefits, but also enhances material and energy utilization efficiencies while reducing greenhouse gas emission intensity. Therefore, this model is recommended for the sustainable development of arid agriculture in central Ningxia.
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国家自然科学青年基金项目(32201474)
宁夏全职引进高层次人才科研启动项目(2023BSB03028)
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