祁连山北麓高山草甸高原鼠兔鼠丘退化区芽库特征研究
滕玉风 , 马剑 , 陈斌 , 鲁延芳 , 李静 , 李星 , 李宁 , 李鸿儒
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (08) : 182 -192.
祁连山北麓高山草甸高原鼠兔鼠丘退化区芽库特征研究
Characteristics of the bud bank in and around plateau pika mounds in the alpine meadow on the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains
为探究祁连山北麓高山草甸不同恢复年限高原鼠兔鼠丘及其边缘区地上植被和地下芽库特征变化规律,以祁连山北麓高寒草甸高原鼠兔鼠丘为研究对象,设置新鼠丘、旧鼠丘、废弃鼠丘和原生植被(对照)4个恢复年限,结果表明:1)鼠丘地下芽库有分蘖芽、根茎芽、根蘖芽3种芽类型,主要以根茎芽和分蘖芽为主;2)随着鼠丘恢复年限的增加,在鼠丘空斑内定居的植物种逐渐增多,各恢复年限鼠丘地上植被的物种丰富度、植被盖度、植株密度和鼠丘地下芽库物种数、地下芽总密度变化趋势一致,均为新鼠丘<旧鼠丘<废弃鼠丘<原生植被(对照),且不同恢复年限的鼠丘之间存在极显著差异;3)不同恢复年限鼠丘边缘区地上植被的物种丰富度、植被盖度、植株密度和地下芽库物种数、地下芽总密度差异不显著,鼠丘边缘区植被特征和原生植被基本一致;4)鼠丘地下芽库物种数与鼠丘边缘区地下芽库物种数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),鼠丘地上植被物种丰富度、植被盖度、植株密度与鼠丘地下芽库物种数、总芽密度、分蘖芽密度、根茎芽密度均呈极显著正相关,与鼠丘边缘区地下芽库总芽密度、分蘖芽密度呈正相关,但与鼠丘边缘区地下芽库根茎芽密度呈极显著负相关。祁连山北麓高寒草甸气温较低,雨水丰富,鼠丘出现后,改变了草地原有的竞争相对强度,使植被通过调控鼠丘及其边缘区地下芽库组成(比例)最终实现草地植被自然恢复更新,对草地植物群落结构与动态乃至生态系统功能产生了深远影响。
The aim of this work was to explore the pattern of changes in aboveground vegetation and the characteristics of the underground bud bank in plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) mounds and their peripheries after different restoration periods in the alpine meadow at the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains. Analyses of aboveground vegetation and the underground bud bank were conducted for plateau pika mounds at four stages of restoration; new mounds, old mounds, abandoned mounds, and native vegetation (as the control). The results show that: 1) The underground bud bank of the mounds included three types of buds, namely tiller buds, rhizome buds, and root sprout buds, with rhizome buds and tiller buds being the dominant types. 2) The number of plant species colonizing the bare patches of the mounds gradually increased as the restoration period for the mounds became longer. The species richness, vegetation cover, and plant density of the aboveground vegetation, as well as the number of species and total density of the underground bud bank in the mounds showed the same trends across different restoration stages; that is, new mounds<old mounds<abandoned mounds<native vegetation (control). Moreover, there were extremely significant differences in the values of those parameters among the mounds at different restoration stages; 3) For the peripheral areas of the mounds, there were no significant differences in the species richness, vegetation cover, or plant density of the aboveground vegetation, nor were there significant differences in the number of species and total density of the underground bud bank among mounds at different stages of restoration, and the vegetation characteristics of the mound edge areas were consistent with those of the native vegetation; 4) The number of species in the underground bud bank of the mounds was extremely significantly and positively correlated with that in the underground bud bank of the mound edge areas. The species richness, vegetation coverage, and plant density of the aboveground vegetation in the mounds were extremely significantly and positively correlated with the number of species, total bud density, number of tiller buds, and number of rhizome buds in the underground bud bank in the mounds; positively correlated with the total bud density and number of tiller buds of the underground bud bank in the mound edge areas; and extremely significantly and negatively correlated with the number of rhizome buds of the underground bud bank in the mound peripheries. The alpine meadow at the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains has relatively low temperatures and abundant precipitation. The presence of pika mounds alters the original relative competition intensity of the grassland, allowing for natural restoration of vegetation and renewal of grassland vegetation by regulating the composition (proportion) of the underground bud bank in the mounds and their peripheries. This has a profound impact on the structure and dynamics of grassland plant communities and on ecosystem functions.
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甘肃省科技计划(25JRRG043)
甘肃省陇原青年英才项目,甘肃省林业和草原科技计划(2018kj019)
甘肃省陇原青年英才项目,甘肃省林业和草原科技计划(2020kj005)
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