不同固沙植被恢复模式对土壤理化性质、酶活性和草本植物多样性的影响
马玉龙 , 邱开阳 , 骆欣怡 , 张晶晶 , 王雨航 , 王国会 , 郑翔 , 海旭莹 , 薛斌 , 谢应忠
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (06) : 1 -12.
不同固沙植被恢复模式对土壤理化性质、酶活性和草本植物多样性的影响
Effects of different sand-fixing vegetation restoration modes on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and herbaceous plant diversity
为探究不同固沙植被恢复模式对土壤理化性质、酶活性和草本植物多样性的影响,以流动沙地为对照(CK),选取沙鞭(SB)、拧条锦鸡儿(N)、细枝羊柴(H)及拧条锦鸡儿×细枝羊柴混交(NH)4种典型固沙模式进行分析。结果表明:1)相较于流动沙地,灌木固沙模式(N,H,NH)提高了土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)和有效磷(AP)含量。AP含量表现为N>H>SB>NH>CK,拧条锦鸡儿(N)样地的AP含量(8.73 mg·kg-1)较CK显著提高了45.5%;TN含量表现为H>N>NH>SB>CK,细枝羊柴(H)样地的TN含量(0.20 g·kg-1)较CK显著提高了263%;而SOC含量(1.51 g·kg-1)和碳氮比(C/N,25.13)均在混交(NH)样地达到最大值,较CK分别提高了55.5%和42.8%。2)土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均在拧条锦鸡儿(N)样地最高,较CK分别显著提高了73.7%和1315.1%;而β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性排序为SB>NH>CK>H>N,其中沙鞭(SB)样地该酶活性显著最高;β-葡萄糖苷酶与pH、TN及氮磷比(N/P)显著相关,β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶与pH显著正相关。3)沙鞭(SB)样地的草本Pielou均匀度指数显著低于灌木固沙样地。草本Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数与β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶显著负相关,且该酶(R²=0.66,P=0.003)和碳磷比(R²=0.41,P=0.01)是影响草本植物多样性的关键因子。综上,不同固沙植被恢复模式通过调控碳磷比和β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性影响草本植物多样性,混交模式和拧条锦鸡儿分别对碳氮平衡和活化磷素具有重要作用,研究结果可为固沙植被优化配置与可持续治沙提供科学依据。
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of sand-fixing vegetation restoration on soil physico-chemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and herbaceous plant diversity. The control was bare mobile sand dunes (CK) and the four types of sand-fixing vegetation were Psammochloa villosa (SB), Caragana korshinskii (N), Corethrodendron scoparium (H), and a mixture of C. korshinskii and C. scoparium (NH). The results show that: 1) Compared with mobile sand dunes, the shrub sand-fixing modes (N, H, NH) increased the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and available phosphorus (AP). The treatments were ranked, from highest AP content in soil to lowest, as follows: N>H>SB>NH>CK, with the AP content in C. korshinskii (N) plots (8.73 mg·kg⁻¹) being 45.5% higher than that in CK. The five treatments were ranked, from highest TN content in soil to lowest, as follows: H>N>NH>SB>CK, with the TN content in C. scoparium (H) plots (0.20 g·kg⁻¹) being 263% higher than that in CK. Meanwhile, the highest values of SOC content (1.51 g·kg⁻¹) and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N,25.13) were in the mixed (NH) plots, and were 55.5% and 42.8% higher than their corresponding values in CK. 2) The highest activities of soil β-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase were in the C. korshinskii (N) plots, and they were significantly higher (by 73.7% and 1315.1%, respectively) than their corresponding values in CK. The treatments were ranked, from highest activity of β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase in soil to lowest, as follows: SB>NH>CK>H>N, with the highest activity in the P. villosa (SB) plots. The soil β-glucosidase activity was significantly correlated with pH, TN, and nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio (N/P), while β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity was significantly positively correlated with soil pH. 3) The Pielou evenness index of vegetation was significantly lower in the P. villosa (SB) plots than in the shrub sand-fixing plots. The Simpson’s dominance index and Pielou evenness index of vegetation were significantly negatively correlated with soil β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. Moreover, this enzyme (R²=0.66, P=0.003) and the carbon-to-phosphorus ratio (R²=0.41, P=0.01) were identified as key factors affecting herbaceous plant diversity. In summary, different types of sand-fixing vegetation affected the diversity of herbaceous plants by regulating the carbon-to-phosphorus ratio and β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in soil. Among the different vegetation modes, the mixed mode and C. korshinskii played important roles in maintaining the carbon-nitrogen balance and improving the content of available phosphorus, respectively. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for optimizing sand-fixing vegetation and for promoting the sustainability of desertification control projects.
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宁夏自然科学基金(重点项目)(2023AAC02021)
国家自然科学基金项目(32360425)
宁夏青年拔尖人才培养项目(宁人社函[2024]236号)
宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2017A01)
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