养殖废水灌溉下青贮添加剂对全株玉米青贮饲料品质的影响
Effects of silage additives on the quality of whole crop maize silage produced from plants irrigated with livestock wastewater
全株玉米青贮饲料是反刍动物生产中重要的粗饲料来源,养殖废水中含有大量农作物所需的营养元素,将养殖废水用于灌溉全株青贮玉米,是否会影响原料品质进而影响青贮发酵品质的研究未见报道。本试验将养殖废水(W1)和地下水(W2)灌溉后的全株青贮玉米作为原料,分别进行以下处理:自然青贮(CK)、添加青贮邦(A1)、添加先牧1152(A2)、添加壮乐美(A3),于青贮3和80 d后开袋取样,测定其营养成分和发酵品质,以期为养殖废水的合理利用并筛选适宜的青贮玉米添加剂提供实践参考。结果表明,养殖废水灌溉增加了土壤中有效养分含量,显著降低了青贮玉米原料的干物质含量,显著提高了粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维含量。养殖废水灌溉以及不同添加剂对全株玉米青贮的营养成分和发酵品质指标均有显著影响,二者交互作用明显。综合9项指标通过灰色关联分析法得出,在青贮发酵的前期和稳定期,W1A1均为最优处理。综上所述,在养殖废水灌溉条件下添加青贮邦可以提高青贮玉米‘峰单189’发酵80 d的青贮品质,其效果优于地下水灌溉条件下自然青贮。
Whole crop maize (Zea mays) silage is an important source of roughage for ruminant production. Livestock wastewater contains large amounts of many nutrients required by crops. The aims of this study, therefore, were to determine whether plants irrigated with livestock wastewater produced better silage than those irrigated with groundwater, and to determine the effects of different silage additives. Whole-plant silage maize irrigated with livestock wastewater (W1) or groundwater (W2) were used as raw materials for the following treatments: natural silage (CK), silage with added Qingzhubang (A1), silage with added Xianmu 1152 (A2), and silage with added Zhuanglemei (A3). After ensilage for 3 and 80 days, the bags were opened and sampled to determine the nutritional components and fermentation quality of the silages. It was found that irrigation with livestock wastewater significantly increased soil available nutrient contents, resulting in a significant decrease in the dry matter content of silage maize raw materials and a significant increase in the content of crude protein and acid detergent fiber. Livestock wastewater irrigation and different additives significantly affected the nutritional quality and fermentation quality of whole crop maize silage, and the effect of the interaction between the two factors was significant. Based on nine indicators at the early and stable stages of silage fermentation, a grey correlation analysis showed that W1A1 (silage maize grown with livestock wastewater and addition of Qingzhubang) was the optimal treatment. In summary, adding Qingzhubang to whole-plant silage maize grown under livestock wastewater irrigation conditions improved the silage quality of ‘Fengdan 189’ silage maize after 80 days, yielding superior results compared with natural silage produced from plants irrigated with groundwater. These findings provide a practical reference for the rational utilization of livestock wastewater and the screening of suitable silage maize additives.
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内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2022MS03009)
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