基于生长-养分积累-产量协同调控的宁夏盐碱地玉米品种适应性研究
李月琪 , 马涛 , 丁玉萍 , 苏明 , 李涛 , 马小英 , 马风兰 , 万猛虎 , 李清云 , 张丹 , 吴娜 , 刘吉利
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (06) : 93 -107.
基于生长-养分积累-产量协同调控的宁夏盐碱地玉米品种适应性研究
Adaptation of maize varieties in saline and alkaline land in Ningxia based on growth-nutrient accumulation-yield synergistic regulation
针对宁夏引黄灌区盐碱地种植玉米产量降低等问题,本研究旨在探讨不同玉米品种在盐碱胁迫下的生长、生理、养分积累及产量表现,通过构建综合评价体系,筛选出适配不同盐碱程度的优势品种,为盐碱地玉米高效种植的品种选择与栽培管理提供科学依据。试验于2023年在宁夏平罗县开展,设置轻度盐碱(QS)和中度盐碱(ZS) 2种盐碱梯度为主区,以先玉335(V1)、银玉238 (V2)、晋单73(V3)、德科622 (V4)、DK815 (V5)、禾育157 (V6)、先玉1321 (V7)、锦润919 (V8)、天赐19 (V9)、先玉1225 (V10)10个玉米品种为副区,用于筛选不同盐碱程度下表现优异的玉米品种。结果表明:不同盐碱胁迫环境下,10个玉米品种在生长、生理、养分积累及产量方面均呈现出品种特异性,不同品种在各指标上表现出不同的优势特征;其中,在QS下,V3的净光合速率(Pn)、穗粒重和产量均达到最优,较其他品种增幅分别达4.90%~57.48%、1.36%~35.97%和9.70%~40.26%;V5的PSⅡ潜在最大光合能力(Fv/Fo)、K+含量最高,较其他品种增幅分别达3.50%~27.29%、2.54%~6.02%;V10的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量和全磷含量达到最高,分别较其他品种提高了0.25%~3.77%、0.14%~46.16%和12.59%~48.48%。而在ZS下,V3的相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、Fv/Fo较其他品种增幅分别达2.88%~35.30%、4.30%~35.37%;V5的产量较其他品种提高了3.56%~61.80%;V10的Pn、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及K+含量分别较其他品种提高了3.39%~32.24%、1.11%~15.05%和1.32%~5.19%。经熵权-TOPSIS法和主成分分析(PCA)综合评价,结果基本一致,在QS下,综合指标较优的3个玉米品种是V3、V5和V10,而在ZS下,综合指标较优的3个玉米品种同样是V10、V3和V5。因此,综合两种评价方法得出,晋单73(V3)在轻度盐碱环境下具备突出的适应性和稳产性,而先玉1225 (V10) 在中度盐碱环境下表现相对较好,这两个品种为宁夏盐碱地玉米种植提供了科学的品种选择,可作为区域示范推广的核心品种。
This study aimed to investigate the growth, physiological characteristics, nutrient accumulation, and yield performance of different maize varieties under saline-alkali stress conditions to address issues such as reduced maize (Zea mays) yields in such soils within the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District. By establishing a multi-trait evaluation system, the study sought to identify superior varieties suited to cultivation in saline-alkali soil, thereby providing a scientific basis for variety selection and cultivation management for efficient maize production on saline-alkali land. The experiment was conducted in Pingluo County, Ningxia, in 2023, with two main areas set up: mild saline-alkali (QS) and moderate saline-alkali (ZS) soil conditions. The varieties tested were Xianyu 335 (V1), Yinyu 238 (V2), Jindan 73 (V3), Deke 622 (V4), DK815 (V5), Heyu 157 (V6), Xianyu 1321 (V7), Jinrun 919 (V8), Tianci 19 (V9), and Xianyu 1225 (V10). It was found that under the tested contrasting saline-alkali stress conditions, the 10 maize varieties exhibit variety-specific differences in growth, physiology, nutrient accumulation, and yield, with different varieties demonstrating distinct advantages for various traits; Among them, under QS conditions, V3 achieved optimal net photosynthetic rate (Pn), kernel weight, and yield, with average increases of 4.90%-57.48%, 1.36%-35.97%, and 9.70%-40.26%, respectively, compared to other varieties; V5 exhibited the highest PSⅡ potential maximum photosynthetic capacity (Fv/Fo) and K+ content, with increases of 3.50% to 27.29% and 2.54% to 6.02%, respectively, compared to other varieties; V10 had the highest PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), proline (Pro) content, and total phosphorus content, with increases of 0.25% to 3.77%, 0.14% to 46.16%, and 12.59% to 48.48%, respectively, compared to other varieties. Under ZS conditions, the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and PS Ⅱ potential maximum photosynthetic capacity (Fv/Fo) of V3 was increased by 2.88% to 35.30% and 4.30% to 35.37%, respectively, compared to other varieties; V5 yield was increased by 3.56% to 61.80% compared to other varieties; Pn, peroxidase (POD) activity, and K+ content of V10 were increased by 3.39% to 32.24%, 1.11% to 15.05%, and 1.32% to 5.19%, respectively, compared to other varieties. A multivariate evaluation was conducted using the entropy weight-TOPSIS method and principal component analysis (PCA), with results showing consistent trends. Under the QS conditions, the three maize varieties with the optimal multivariate scores were V3, V5, and V10, while under the ZS condition, the three maize varieties with the optimal scores were V10, V3, and V5. Therefore, based on the combined score of the two statistical methods, Jindan 73 (V3) demonstrated outstanding adaptability and stable yield under mild (QS) saline-alkali conditions, while Xianyu 1225 (V10) performed relatively well under moderate (ZS)saline-alkali conditions. These two varieties provide a scientific basis for variety selection in saline-alkali maize cultivation in Ningxia and are suitable as core varieties for regional demonstration of contrasting saline-alkali soil tolerance and extension agency promotion.
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国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900603)
宁夏重点研发计划项目(2019BFG02015)
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