苜蓿草粉对凉伞猪不同杂交组合生产性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响
许江博 , 梅昌伟 , 陈东 , 蒋润瑶 , 郭松长 , 吴秀鸿 , 罗巨英 , 黄海元 , 刘芳
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (06) : 202 -215.
苜蓿草粉对凉伞猪不同杂交组合生产性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响
The effect of alfalfa meal on the average daily gain, slaughter performance, meat quality, and serum biochemical indicators of two different hybrid lines of Liangsan pigs
本试验旨在研究苜蓿草粉对凉伞猪不同杂交组合生产性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响。本试验采取双因素试验设计,共设置4个组:EGⅠ组(藏凉F1,饲喂苜蓿饲粮)、CGⅠ组(藏凉F1,饲喂基础饲粮)、EGⅡ组(巴凉F1,饲喂苜蓿饲粮)、CGⅡ组(巴凉F1,饲喂基础饲粮)、每组设置3个重复,每个重复10只猪,试验期为49 d,其中基础饲粮为试验场自配饲粮,苜蓿饲粮处理为以苜蓿草粉替代基础饲粮的9.6%,试验动物选取体况优良、体重接近(91.20±10.07 kg)和无病健康的8月龄凉伞猪不同杂交组合子代猪。本试验系统地评估了两种杂交组合和两种饲粮对于生产性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响,并探讨了其的交互作用。结果表明:1)当杂交组合为主效应时,CGⅡ组的平均日增重、屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积、谷氨酸、精氨酸、总抗氧化能力显著高于CGⅠ组(P<0.05),EGⅡ组的屠宰率、粗脂肪和谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶活性显著高于EGⅠ组(P<0.05),EGⅠ组的粗蛋白质和二十二碳酸含量显著高于EGⅡ组(P<0.05),CGⅠ组的粗蛋白质和葡萄糖含量显著高于CGⅡ组(P<0.05)。2)当饲粮类型为主效应时,CGⅡ组的丙二醛含量显著高于EGⅡ组(P<0.05),EG组的背最长肌精氨酸和总抗氧化能力显著高于CG组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮类型与杂交组合在精氨酸和α-亚麻酸上存在显著交互作用(P<0.05)。4)其余各指标间无显著差异,但与基础日粮组(CG组)相比,苜蓿日粮组(EG组)的料肉比、粗脂肪、滴水损失、黄度值、十五碳酸、十七碳酸、二十二碳酸、二十四碳酸含量均有所降低(P>0.05),粗蛋白质、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、亮氨酸、丁酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均有所升高(P>0.05)。综上所述,在育肥后期饲喂苜蓿饲粮可以降低杂交组合的料肉比,改善饲料利用率,提高总抗氧化能力,有效改善两种杂交组合的肉品质。
This experiment investigated the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) meal on the production performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, and serum biochemical indicators of different hybrid lines of Liangsan pigs. A two-factor experimental design was adopted, dividing animals into four groups: EGⅠ (Zangliang F1, fed alfalfa diet), CGⅠ (Zangliang F1, fed basal diet), EGⅡ (Baliang F1, fed alfalfa diet) and CGⅡ (Baliang F1, fed basal diet). Each group consisted of three replicates, with 10 pigs per replicate, and the experiment lasted 49 days. The basal diet was formulated by the experimental farm, and the alfalfa diet was prepared by replacing 9.6% of the basal diet with alfalfa meal. The experimental animals were selected from healthy 8-month-old Liangsan hybrid pigs with good body condition and similar body weight (91.20±10.07 kg). This study systematically evaluated the effects of the two hybrid combinations and two dietary types on production performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, and serum biochemical indicators, and explored their interactions. It was found that: 1)When comparing hybrid lines, the average daily gain, slaughter rate, lean meat percentage, eye muscle area, glutamic acid content, arginine content, and total antioxidant capacity of group CGⅡ were significantly higher than those of group CGⅠ (P<0.05). The slaughter rate, ether extract content, and glutathione peroxidase activity of group EGⅡ were significantly higher than those of group EGⅠ (P<0.05). The crude protein and docosanoic acid content in group EGⅠ were significantly higher than those in group EGⅡ (P<0.05), while the crude protein and glucose content in group CGⅠ were significantly higher than those in group CGⅡ (P<0.05). 2) When comparing alfalfa and basal diets the malondialdehyde content in group CGⅡ was significantly higher than that in group EGⅡ (P<0.05), and the arginine content and total antioxidant capacity in the longissimus dorsi muscle of the EG groups were significantly higher than those in the CG groups (P<0.05). 3) A significant interaction between diet type and hybrid combination was observed for arginine and α-linolenic acid (P<0.05). 4) No significant differences were found in the other indicators; however, compared with the basal diet group (CG group), the alfalfa diet group (EG group) showed a decrease in feed conversion ratio, ether extract content, drip loss, yellowness value, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, docosanoic acid, and tetracosanoic acid content (P>0.05), while the contents of crude protein, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine, proline, tyrosine, leucine, and butyric acid, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase and alkaline phosphatase, were increased (P>0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with alfalfa meal during the late fattening phase reduced the feed conversion ratio, improved feed utilization, enhanced total antioxidant capacity, and effectively improved meat quality in both hybrid lines.
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湖南省中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(2023ZYC017)
湖南省重点领域研发计划项目(2023NK2023)
山东省重点研发计划项目(2023TZXD046)
湖南省草食动物产业技术体系,内蒙古自治区中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2024ZY0114)
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