施氮量与播种量对‘巴青’垂穗披碱草种子产量及质量的影响
苏志刚 , 韩有健 , 张建杭 , 武俊喜 , 徐雅梅 , 包赛很那null , 苗彦军 , 曹仲华
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (07) : 175 -187.
施氮量与播种量对‘巴青’垂穗披碱草种子产量及质量的影响
Effects of nitrogen application and sowing rates on the seed yield and quality of Elymus nutans ‘Baqing’
为探究西藏高寒地区施氮量与播种量对‘巴青’垂穗披碱草种子产量及质量的影响,采用双因素裂区试验设计,主区为氮肥添加量,副区为播种量,氮肥添加量分别为N1 0 kg·hm-2,N2 60 kg·hm-2,N3 120 kg·hm-2,N4 180 kg·hm-2,N5 240 kg·hm-2和N6 300 kg·hm-2,播种量分别为D1 15.0 kg·hm-2,D2 22.5 kg·hm-2和D3 45.0 kg·hm-2,利用灰色关联度对‘巴青’垂穗披碱草的种子产量及质量进行综合评价,明确影响种子产量的关键因素,筛选‘巴青’垂穗披碱草种子生产最优种植配置组合。结果表明,施氮量和播种量对‘巴青’垂穗披碱草种子产量及质量影响显著。与‘巴青’垂穗披碱草产量密切相关的主要因素有生殖枝数、小穗数/生殖枝和千粒重等,对产量贡献因素最大的是千粒重。当播种量为15.0 kg·hm-2时,只需要180 kg·hm-2的施氮量即可达到最大种子产量,为1182.55 kg·hm-2;当播种量为22.5 kg·hm-2时,需要240 kg·hm-2的施氮量可达到最大种子产量,为1283.29 kg·hm-2;当播种量为45.0 kg·hm-2时,需要300 kg·hm-2的施氮量可达到最大种子产量,为1023.34 kg·hm-2。因此,本研究认为当播种量恒定时,‘巴青’垂穗披碱草对氮素的需求存在理论最大值。经灰色关联度分析得出,240 kg·hm-2的施氮量与22.5 kg·hm-2的播种量是‘巴青’垂穗披碱草最优种植配置,可以获得最佳的种子产量及质量,可在西藏高寒地区推广使用。
In this study, we explored the effects of the nitrogen application rate and sowing rate on the seed yield and quality of Elymus nutans ‘Baqing’ in the alpine region of Xizang. An experiment was conducted with a two-factor split-plot design; the main area was nitrogen fertilizer addition and the sub-area was sowing rate. The nitrogen fertilization rates were N1 0 kg·ha-1, N2 60 kg·ha-1, N3 120 kg·ha-1, N4 180 kg·ha-1, N5 240 kg·ha-1, and N6 300 kg·ha-1; and the sowing rates were D1 15.0 kg·ha-1, D2 22.5 kg·ha-1, and D3 45.0 kg·ha-1. The seed yield and quality of E. nutans ‘Baqing’ were comprehensively evaluated based on grey correlation degree and the key factors affecting seed yield were identified, with an overall aim to determine the optimal planting configuration for E. nutans ‘Baqing’ for seed production. The results show that the nitrogen application rate and sowing rate had significant effects on the seed yield and quality of E. nutans ‘Baqing’. The main factors closely related to the yield of E. nutans ‘Baqing’ were the number of reproductive branches, number of spikelets/reproductive branches, and 1000-seed weight, and the most important factor contributing to yield was 1000-seed weight. At the sowing rate of 15.0 kg·ha-1, nitrogen application at 180 kg·ha-1 was required to achieve the maximum seed yield (1182.55 kg·ha-1). At the sowing rate of 22.5 kg·ha-1, nitrogen application at 240 kg·ha-1 was required to achieve the maximum seed yield (1283.29 kg·ha-1). At the sowing rate of 45.0 kg·ha-1, nitrogen application at 300 kg·ha-1 was required to achieve the maximum seed yield (1023.34 kg·ha-1). These results show that at a constant sowing rate, there is a theoretical maximum value for the nitrogen demand of E. nutans ‘Baqing’. The grey correlation analysis revealed that the nitrogen application rate of 240 kg·ha-1 and the sowing rate of 22.5 kg·ha-1 represented the optimal planting configuration for E. nutans ‘Baqing’. This combination of nitrogen application rate and sowing rate resulted in the best seed yield and quality, and therefore, should be used widely when cultivating E. nutans ‘Baqing’ in the alpine region of Xizang.
| [1] |
Miao J M, Zhang X Q, Chen S Y, et al. Gliadin analysis of Elymus nutans Griseb. from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Xinjiang, China. Grassland Science, 2011(3): 127-134. |
| [2] |
Su Z G, Han Y J, Zhai Y J, et al. Research progress on germplasm resources of Elymus nutans. Journal of Grassland and Forage Science, 2025(5): 1-11, 24. |
| [3] |
苏志刚, 韩有健, 翟亚军, 垂穗披碱草种质资源研究进展. 草学, 2025(5): 1-11, 24. |
| [4] |
Lei B X, Wang M T, Wang C Q, et al. Effect of different fertilization treatments on production performance of Elymus nutans ‘Baqing’. Journal of Grassland and Forage Science, 2025(1): 43-51, 58. |
| [5] |
雷变霞, 王明涛, 王传旗, 不同施肥处理对‘巴青’垂穗披碱草生产性能的影响. 草学, 2025(1): 43-51, 58. |
| [6] |
Xu Z J. Study on the effects of combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on seed yield and related traits of Elymus nutans Griseb ‘Baqing’. Linzhi: Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, 2024. |
| [7] |
许赵佳. 氮磷钾肥配施对巴青垂穗披碱草种子产量及相关性状影响的研究. 林芝: 西藏农牧学院, 2024. |
| [8] |
Wang C Y, Wang Z Y, Huang R, et al. Effects of planting density and fertilization level on agronomic traits and grain starch characteristics of malting barley. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University (Natural Science), 2025, 40(1): 22-30. |
| [9] |
王楚轶, 王紫阳, 黄蓉, 种植密度和施肥水平对啤酒大麦农艺性状和籽粒淀粉特性的影响. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学), 2025, 40(1): 22-30. |
| [10] |
Li M Y, Li D N, Wang B, et al. The effect of mixed sowing and sowing rate of different alfalfa varieties on the yield and quality of forage. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(5): 61-75. |
| [11] |
李满有, 李东宁, 王斌, 不同苜蓿品种混播和播种量对牧草产量及品质的影响. 草业学报, 2022, 31(5): 61-75. |
| [12] |
He B. Cultivation technology of high yield of Deschampsia cespitosa and regulation mechanism of cycocel. Xining: Qinghai University, 2024. |
| [13] |
何斌. 发草高产栽培技术及矮壮素调控机理. 西宁: 青海大学, 2024. |
| [14] |
Hua X Z, Liu Y, Ma Y S, et al. Yield and growth characteristics response to row spacing and sowing rate in Poa pratensis L. ‘Qinghai’. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(7): 2220-2231. |
| [15] |
华铣泽, 刘颖, 马玉寿, 行距和播种量配置对‘青海’草地早熟禾产量和生长特性的影响. 草地学报, 2023, 31(7): 2220-2231. |
| [16] |
Hua X Z. Research on seed production technology of Poa pratensis L. cv Qinghai. Xining: Qinghai University, 2024. |
| [17] |
华铣泽. 青海草地早熟禾种子生产技术研究. 西宁: 青海大学, 2024. |
| [18] |
Zerangdongzhou. Effects of different row spacing and seeding rate on component traits and seed yield of Elymus nutans Griseb. cv. ‘Aba’. Chengdu: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2019. |
| [19] |
泽让东洲. 不同行距和播种量对阿坝垂穗披碱草植株构件组成和种子产量的影响. 成都: 四川农业大学, 2019. |
| [20] |
Wang X C. Effects of density on production performance and soil enzyme activities of two gramineous forages. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2023. |
| [21] |
王旭成. 密度对2种禾本科牧草生产性能和土壤酶活性的影响. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2023. |
| [22] |
Tao Y, Pu W, Cui K S, et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels on the growth and yield of female ears of spring maize in hilly areas. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2025, 43(5): 1146-1156. |
| [23] |
陶冶, 蒲玮, 崔阔澍, 氮肥水平对丘陵地区春玉米雌穗生长及产量的影响. 四川农业大学学报, 2025, 43(5): 1146-1156. |
| [24] |
Ibell T P, Xu Z H, Blake T, et al. Effects of weed control and fertilization at early establishment on tree nitrogen and water use in an exotic F1 hybrid pine of subtropical Australia. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2013, 13(9): 1538-1552. |
| [25] |
Liu W. Effects of row spacing and nitrogen fertilizer on seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Leymus secalinus. Jinzhong: Shanxi Agricultural University, 2021. |
| [26] |
刘伟. 行距和氮肥对赖草种子产量及氮素利用率的影响. 晋中: 山西农业大学, 2021. |
| [27] |
Xie G P, Hu T M, Wang Q Z, et al. A study on the impact of nitrogen application and harvest time on the seed yield of Tibetan wild Elymus nutans in Lhasa valley, Tibett. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(2): 89-96. |
| [28] |
谢国平, 呼天明, 王佺珍, 施N量和收获时间对西藏野生垂穗披碱草种子产量影响研究. 草业学报, 2010, 19(2): 89-96. |
| [29] |
Li T Y, Zhou Q P, Chen Y J, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rate on seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Elymus. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(3): 80-90. |
| [30] |
李彤瑶, 周青平, 陈有军, 氮肥用量对披碱草属牧草种子产量和氮肥利用效率的影响. 草业学报, 2023, 32(3): 80-90. |
| [31] |
Xiao J Y, Zhang G Y, Wang J W, et al. Effects of fertilization and harvest period on Pennisetum flaccidum yield and forage quality in the Lhasa river valley. Pratacultural Science, 2024, 41(6): 1347-1358. |
| [32] |
肖健宇, 张光雨, 王江伟, 施肥和收获期对拉萨河谷地区白草产量和饲用品质的影响. 草业科学, 2024, 41(6): 1347-1358. |
| [33] |
Wang C Q, Deng S M, Zhang W J, et al. Development of grass industry in Tibet. Journal of Grassland and Forage Science, 2018(1): 74-79. |
| [34] |
王传旗, 邓时梅, 张文静, 论西藏草业发展. 草学, 2018(1): 74-79. |
| [35] |
Liu Y J, Li C L. Research on seed security in China under a holistic approach to national security: current situation, problems and approaches. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Social Science Edition), 2022, 22(2): 16-26. |
| [36] |
刘育金, 李春雷. 总体国家安全观下我国种子安全问题. 西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2022, 22(2): 16-26. |
| [37] |
Song J C. Effect of combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on seed yield, quality of Elymus nutans and soil properties of grassland in alpine region. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2022. |
| [38] |
宋建超. 氮磷钾肥配施对高寒区垂穗披碱草种子产量、质量和土壤特性的影响. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2022. |
| [39] |
Zhang L J, Qin Y K, Chen J Y. Effects of nitrogen application rate on cotton yield formation and nitrogen utilization efficiency under rape-cotton double cropping straw returning condition. Crops, 2024, 40(4): 158-163. |
| [40] |
张丽娟, 秦宇坤, 陈俊英. 油棉两季秸秆还田下施氮量对棉花产量形成及氮肥利用效率的影响. 作物杂志, 2024, 40(4): 158-163. |
| [41] |
Su Z G, Long J T, Gao G R, et al. Effects of low temperature and drought stress on seed germination of four Elymus L. species. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2024(14): 88-94. |
| [42] |
苏志刚, 龙建廷, 高国荣, 低温和干旱胁迫对4种披碱草属种子萌发的影响. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2024(14): 88-94. |
| [43] |
Wang M T, Zhao Y H, Miao Y J, et al. Study on forage quality of mixed planting Medicago sativa L. and Festuca elata keng ex E. alexeev in Nyingchi valley, Tibet. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(6): 1590-1596. |
| [44] |
王明涛, 赵玉红, 苗彦军, 西藏林芝河谷地带紫花苜蓿和高羊茅混播牧草品质研究. 草地学报, 2022, 30(6): 1590-1596. |
| [45] |
Li H F, Zhou B W, Zhang M, et al. Adaptability evaluation of different oat varieties introduced in the Hulunbuir region. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(4): 60-72. |
| [46] |
李鸿飞, 周帮伟, 张淼, 不同燕麦品种在呼伦贝尔地区的引种适应性评价. 草业学报, 2024, 33(4): 60-72. |
| [47] |
Ren Y X. Studies on the regulation of fertilization and planting density on the growth of triticale and soil physical and chemical properties in the valley area of Tibet. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2024. |
| [48] |
任昱鑫. 施肥和种植密度对西藏河谷区小黑麦生长及土壤理化特性的调控作用研究. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2024. |
| [49] |
Garrison C S. Technological advances in grass and legume seed production and testing. Advances in Agronomy, 1960(12): 41-125. |
| [50] |
Dan J L B, Xie W D, Wang Y X, et al. A study of the seeding rate selection of thunbergii, an indigenous ecological grass in the alpine steppe of northern Xizang. Journal of Plateau Agriculture, 2025, 9(1): 73-77, 99. |
| [51] |
旦久罗布, 谢文栋, 王有侠, 藏北高寒草原乡土生态草梭罗草播种量筛选试验研究. 高原农业, 2025, 9(1): 73-77, 99. |
| [52] |
Zhao X X, Cui G L, Li Z H, et al. Optimization of seeding ratio and seeding rate of three cool-season turfgrasses in the northern subtropical region. Journal of Grassland and Forage Science, 2023(5): 43-50, 86. |
| [53] |
赵小雪, 崔高磊, 李正华, 北亚热带地区3种冷季型草坪草混播比例及播种量优化. 草学, 2023(5): 43-50, 86. |
| [54] |
Shao S R, Yao A X, Liu C X. Effect of spacing and seeding rate on seed productivity on Ningnong sudangrass. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 1997, 2(2): 13-16. |
| [55] |
邵生荣, 姚爱兴, 刘彩霞. 不同行距及播种量对宁农苏丹草种子生产性能的影响. 中国草地学报, 1997, 2(2): 13-16. |
| [56] |
Wu H J, Zhang R, Geng X L, et al. Effects of sowing rate and row spacing on the seed yield and yield component traits of Onobrychis viciaefolia ‘Gansu’. Pratacultural Science, 2023, 40(12): 3084-3094. |
| [57] |
武慧娟, 张榕, 耿小丽, 播种量和行距对甘肃红豆草种子产量及产量构成因素的影响. 草业科学, 2023, 40(12): 3084-3094. |
| [58] |
Wu J Z, Li S J, Li G Q, et al. Effects of irrigation and topdressing nitrogen at jointing stage on grain yield and quality of furrow-seeding wheat in dryland. North China Agricultural Journal, 2023, 38(3): 100-107. |
| [59] |
吴金芝, 李淑靖, 李国强, 拔节期灌溉和追施氮肥对旱地沟播小麦产量和品质的影响. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(3): 100-107. |
| [60] |
Wang R Q, Zhao W M, Wei L P, et al. Screening and growth-promoting characterization of antagonistic bacteria in the rhizosphere of oilseed rape on the plateau in Linzhi. China Plant Protection, 2021, 41(10): 16-23, 37. |
| [61] |
王瑞琪, 赵为民, 魏丽萍, 西藏林芝油菜根际拮抗细菌筛选及其促生特性研究. 中国植保导刊, 2021, 41(10): 16-23, 37. |
| [62] |
Zhang G Y, Shen Z X, Zhong Z M, et al. Different nitrogen fertilizer levels: effects on the grain yield trait and soil nutrient of forage rye in Tibet. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(18): 19-24. |
| [63] |
张光雨, 沈振西, 钟志明, 不同施氮水平对西藏饲用黑麦种籽产量性状和土壤养分的影响. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(18): 19-24. |
| [64] |
Du L X, Liao M W, Qin S L, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rate and row spacing on seed yield and quality of Leymus secalinus. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(3): 968-976. |
| [65] |
杜利霞, 廖明旺, 秦士利, 施氮量与行距对赖草种子产量及质量的影响. 草地学报, 2024, 32(3): 968-976. |
| [66] |
Wang Q, Wang X C, Li X Y, et al. Effect of “3414” fertilization on seed yield and quality of Bromus inermis in arid area of Ningxia. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(12): 3470-3480. |
| [67] |
王琴, 王旭成, 李小云, “3414”施肥效应对宁夏干旱区无芒雀麦种子产量和质量的影响. 草地学报, 2022, 30(12): 3470-3480. |
| [68] |
Song J H, Hu T M, Wang Q Z, et al. Correlation analysis of nitrogen application rate and Tibetan wild Elymus nutans seed yield and its yield factors. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 36(5): 22-26. |
| [69] |
宋江湖, 呼天明, 王佺珍, 施N量与西藏野生垂穗披碱草种子产量及产量因子的相关性分析. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 36(5): 22-26. |
| [70] |
Duan L X, Ma X, Ju Z L, et al. Impact of reduced and split nitrogen fertilization on oat biomass and nitrogen use efficiency in alpine regions. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(10): 3185-3193. |
| [71] |
段连学, 马祥, 琚泽亮, 高寒地区氮肥减量分期施用对燕麦生物量及氮肥利用率的影响. 草地学报, 2024, 32(10): 3185-3193. |
| [72] |
Bai Y Y, Wang C, Chen F, et al. Effects of nitrogen application amount and frequency on seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency of buffalograss. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(8): 2630-2637. |
| [73] |
白燕燕, 王储, 陈芬, 施氮量和施氮频次对野牛草种子产量和氮肥利用效率的影响. 草地学报, 2024, 32(8): 2630-2637. |
| [74] |
He B, Zhang M, Wang Y L, et al. The relationship between different agronomic measures and seed yield and yield components of Deschampsia cespitosa. Pratacultural Science, 2024, 41(2): 371-381. |
| [75] |
何斌, 张敏, 王彦龙, 不同农艺措施与发草种子产量及产量构成因素的关系. 草业科学, 2024, 41(2): 371-381. |
| [76] |
Zhao M Y, Wang B, Wang T F, et al. Effects of different seeding rates on seed yield and components of alfalfa. Pratacultural Science, 2023, 40(11): 2871-2878. |
| [77] |
赵梦雨, 王斌, 王腾飞, 不同播种量对紫花苜蓿种子产量及构成因素的影响. 草业科学, 2023, 40(11): 2871-2878. |
| [78] |
Yang Z P, Wan K J, Zheng S H, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and seeding amount configuration on yield formation of rapeseed by aerial seeding. Crops, 2025, 41(3): 225-232. |
| [79] |
杨泽鹏, 万柯均, 郑盛华, 氮肥和播种量配置对无人机飞播油菜产量形成的影响. 作物杂志, 2025, 41(3): 225-232. |
| [80] |
Qiao A H, Han J G, Gong A Q, et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on Elymus nutans seed quality and yield in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2006(1): 48-51, 56. |
| [81] |
乔安海, 韩建国, 巩爱岐, 氮肥对垂穗披碱草种子产量和质量的影响. 草地学报, 2006(1): 48-51, 56. |
| [82] |
Jia Z F. Effect of nitrogen application levels and sowing densities on grain yield and related traits of oat in apline region. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2021. |
| [83] |
贾志锋. 施氮量和播种密度对高寒区燕麦种子产量及其相关性状的影响研究. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2021. |
| [84] |
Zhao Y Q, Zhang J C, Zhao X H, et al. Assessment of seed shattering and analysis of agronomic traits in Elymus nutans. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(8): 1711-1720. |
| [85] |
赵永强, 张俊超, 赵旭红, 垂穗披碱草落粒性评价及农艺性状的相关性分析. 草业科学, 2017, 34(8): 1711-1720. |
| [86] |
Qiu C C, Hu Y T, Yan H, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rate and harvest time on Leymus chinensis seed yield. Pratacultural Science, 2024, 41(11): 2695-2705. |
| [87] |
仇春辰, 胡雨彤, 严涵, 施氮量和收获时间对羊草种子产量的影响. 草业科学, 2024, 41(11): 2695-2705. |
| [88] |
Wang Q, Li X Y, Wang X C, et al. Effects of row spacing and sowing rate on seed yield and quality of Bromus inermis in arid area of Ningxia. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(9): 2505-2513. |
| [89] |
王琴, 李小云, 王旭成, 宁夏干旱区行距与播量对无芒雀麦种子产量和质量的影响. 草地学报, 2022, 30(9): 2505-2513. |
国家自然科学基金项目(32260342)
西藏自治区科技厅重点研发及转化项目(CGZH2024000084)
西藏农牧学院林学博士点(一期)(533325001)
林芝市科技局重点研发项目(XDHZ-2025-01)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |