黑麦草间作密度对枣-草间作系统生产力、净效益和可持续性的影响
Effects of ryegrass intercropping density on the productivity, net benefits, and sustainability of a jujube-grass intercropping system
为明确牧草间作密度对枣-草间作系统的影响,揭示牧草间作密度在调控系统生产力、资源竞争与互补和可持续性提升中的作用机制,确定西北干旱沙区灵武长枣行间最优间作密度。于2023和2024年在灵武长枣典型种植区设置了枣树单作(J)、黑麦草单作(G)、间作黑麦草15.0 kg·hm-2(J-G15)、间作黑麦草22.5 kg·hm-2(J-G22.5)和间作黑麦草30.0 kg·hm-2(J-G30)5个处理,系统研究了枣-草间作系统中草的种植密度对土地当量比、生产力、竞争效应和可持续性等方面的影响。结果表明:黑麦草间作密度对枣树产量、牧草产量和土地当量比(LER)均有显著影响(P<0.05),枣树和牧草产量均在J-G22.5处理下最高,相较于J和G处理,J-G22.5处理下2年枣树和牧草产量分别提高了53.69%、29.62%和12.14%、12.26%。。枣树和牧草产量年际间差异极显著(P<0.001),整体上表现为2024高于2023年。所有间作系统LER均大于1,表现出明显的间作优势,且在J-G22.5处理下最大(2.51和2.42)。J-G22.5处理在枣树和牧草增产率、竞争指数、净效应、互补效应和选择效应方面均优于其他处理。主成分和相关性分析表明,产量与净效应、互补效应及竞争指数(CI)呈极显著正相关(P<0.001)关系,即种间互补和资源协调利用性是间作系统产量提升的关键机制。可持续性分析表明,J-G22.5和J-G30处理的可持续性指数均高于J-G15,且CI和选择效应(SE)为主要权重因子。综合考量认为,间作黑麦草22.5 kg·hm-2是西北干旱沙区灵武长枣行间最优间作密度。
The aims of this study were to clarify the effects of grass intercropping density in a jujube (Zizyphus jujuba)-grass intercropping system, and to elucidate the mechanisms by which grass intercropping density regulates system productivity, resource competition and complementarity, and sustainability. We aimed to determine the optimal between-row intercropping density of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in a Lingwu Changzao jujube orchard located in the arid, sandy region of northwestern China. Field experiments were conducted in 2023 and 2024 in a representative Lingwu Changzao orchard. The experiment had five treatments: jujube monoculture (J), ryegrass monoculture (G), and intercropping with ryegrass sown at 15.0 kg·ha-1 (J-G15), 22.5 kg·ha-1 (J-G22.5), and 30.0 kg·ha-1 (J-G30). The impact of ryegrass sowing density in the intercropped strip on the land equivalent ratio (LER), productivity, and competitive interactions and sustainability of the jujube-grass intercropping system was evaluated. The results show that the density of ryegrass intercropping significantly affected jujube and grass yields, as well as LER (P<0.05). The yields of both jujube and grass were highest in the J-G22.5 treatment, with the 2-year jujube yields increased by 53.69% and 29.62%, while grass yields increased by 12.14% and 12.26%, respectively, compared with those in J and G. There were highly significant interannual differences in the yields of both jujube and grass (P<0.001), with higher overall values in 2024 than in 2023. All intercropping treatments had a LER of >1, demonstrating a clear intercropping advantage. The maximum values of LER (2.51 and 2.42) were in the J-G22.5 treatment. This treatment also outperformed the others in terms of yield increase rate, competitive index (CI), net effect, complementarity effect, and selection effect. Principal component and correlation analyses indicated that yield was strongly and positively correlated with net effect, complementarity effect, and CI (P<0.001). This suggests that interspecific complementarity and coordinated resource use are key mechanisms underlying yield gains in this intercropping system. The sustainability analysis showed that the J-G22.5 and J-G30 treatments were more sustainable than the J-G15 treatment, with CI and the selection effect being the primary weighting factors. Overall, integrating productivity, competition, complementarity, and sustainability, 22.5 kg·ha-1 is recommended as the optimal between-row sowing density for intercropped ryegrass in Lingwu Changzao jujube orchards in the arid sandy region of northwest China.
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宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划课题(2023BEG02039)
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