不同饲养方式及脂肪酸类型对犊牛生长性能、瘤胃内环境和血清指标的影响
赵晓强 , 张月娇 , 张丹丹 , 曹凯宁 , 张元庆
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (04) : 211 -220.
不同饲养方式及脂肪酸类型对犊牛生长性能、瘤胃内环境和血清指标的影响
Effects of different rearing systems and fatty acid types on calf growth performance, ruminal internal environment and blood serum indices
为探讨不同饲养方式及脂肪酸类型对犊牛生长发育的影响,以期为促进犊牛生长发育的研究提供理论基础,选用体重(41.21±4.99 kg)、日龄(16±6 d)相近的健康哺乳荷斯坦公犊牛30头,随机分成6组,每组5头。采用双因子试验设计,因子1为不同饲养方式(单栏饲养和群养),因子2为不同类型脂肪酸(玉米油和三丁酸甘油酯),试验组分为单栏饲养+基础饲粮(SCON)、单栏饲养+基础饲粮+补充玉米油20 mL·d-1 (SCO)、单栏饲养+基础饲粮+补充三丁酸甘油酯8 g·d-1 (STB)、群养+基础饲粮 (GCON)、群养+基础饲粮+补充玉米油20 mL·d-1 (GCO)以及群养+基础饲粮+补充三丁酸甘油酯8 g·d-1 (GTB)。试验期为59 d,其中预饲期14 d,正试期45 d。试验开始和结束时测定体重,计算日增重,试验期每天测定采食量,用于计算平均干物质采食量和料重比,试验结束时通过瘤胃导管采集瘤胃液测定瘤胃发酵指标以及瘤胃酶活,通过颈静脉采血测定血液指标。结果表明,饲养方式、脂肪酸类型对犊牛的干物质采食量和料重比影响显著(P<0.05),且在添加脂肪酸后均可显著提高犊牛干物质采食量(P<0.05)。饲养方式和脂肪酸类型的交互作用对异戊酸、氨态氮浓度存在显著影响(P<0.05),相较于单栏饲养,群养饲喂三丁酸甘油酯后显著提高了异戊酸的浓度。饲养方式和脂肪酸类型的交互作用对α-淀粉酶、木聚糖酶活性、血糖浓度存在显著影响(P<0.05),补饲玉米油和三丁酸甘油酯显著提高了犊牛瘤胃羧甲基纤维素酶活性(P<0.05)和犊牛血清中白蛋白浓度(P<0.05),单栏饲养时,添加三丁酸甘油酯可显著提高犊牛血清中血糖浓度(P<0.05)。综上,在本试验条件下,给犊牛补饲玉米油20 mL·d-1和三丁酸甘油酯8 g·d-1 可提高犊牛采食量,改善瘤胃发育,并提高血清白蛋白水平,有助于促进犊牛生长发育。
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different rearing systems and fatty acid types on calf growth and development, with a view to providing theoretical data to support further research. Thirty healthy Holstein male calves with similar body weight (41.21±4.99 kg) and age (16±6 d) were selected and randomly divided into six groups of five calves each. The experiment used a two-factor experimental design, with factor 1 being different rearing systems (single pen feeding and group feeding), and factor 2 being different types of fatty acids (long-chain fatty acids: corn oil and short-chain fatty acids: tributyrate), and the experimental groupings were as follows: single-pen feeding+basal ration (SCON), single-pen feeding+basal ration+supplemental corn oil 20 mL·d-1 (SCO), single-pen feeding+basal ration+supplemented with tributyrate 8 g·d-1 (STB), group feeding+basal ration (GCON), group feeding+basal ration+supplemented with corn oil 20 mL·d-1 (GCO), and group feeding+basal ration+supplemented with tributyrate 8 g·d-1 (GTB). The experimental period was 59 d, including a pre-feeding period of 14 d and a formal-feeding period of 45 d. Body weights were measured at the beginning and end of the experiment and daily weight gain was calculated. Feed intake was measured daily during the trial period and used to calculate the average dry matter intake and feed-to-weight ratio. At the end of the trial, rumen fluid was collected through a rumen catheter to measure rumen fermentation parameters and rumen enzyme activity, and blood was collected from the jugular vein to measure blood parameters. The results showed that the feeding mode and fatty acid type resulted in significant differences in dry matter intake and the feed-to-weight ratio of calves (P<0.05), especially in the treatment including addition of fatty acids (P<0.05). There was also a significant interaction observed between rearing system and fatty acid type with respect to isovalerate (IVA) and NH3-N concentrations (P<0.05). Compared with single pen rearing, group rearing with tributyrin supplementation significantly increased IVA concentration. A significant interaction between rearing system and fatty acid type was also observed for α-amylase activity, xylanase activity, and glucose (GLU) levels (P<0.05). Supplementation with corn oil and tributyrin significantly enhanced carboxymethyl cellulase activity in the rumen (P<0.05) and increased albumin (ALB) concentration in calf serum(P<0.05). Under single pen rearing conditions, the addition of tributyrin significantly elevated GLU concentration (P<0.05). In conclusion, under the conditions of this trial, supplementing calves with 20 mL·d-1 of corn oil and 8 g·d-1 of tributyrin improved feed intake, enhanced rumen development, increased serum albumin levels, and thereby promoted calf growth and development.
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山西省现代农业产业技术体系牛体系项目(2025CYJSTX13)
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