基于转录组测序分析湖羊波浪形羔皮形成的关键基因
谢婧 , 孟旭铭 , 仓振 , 华云涛 , 周贤毅 , 茆达干
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (07) : 188 -200.
基于转录组测序分析湖羊波浪形羔皮形成的关键基因
Analysis of key genes in Hu wavy pattern lambskin based on transcriptome sequencing
旨在对湖羊4/4直毛和4/4波浪形羔皮进行转录组测序,以分析影响羔皮性状的关键基因。采集4/4直毛和4/4波浪形羔皮羊的体侧部皮肤组织(n=4),提取总RNA进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因(DEGs),进行基因本体论(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析,并进一步开展KEGG通路的基因集富集分析(GSEA)及DEGs的转录因子预测。对7个DEGs进行实时荧光定量PCR验证(qRT-PCR),同时比较DEGs在不同花案面积个体羔皮直毛和波浪处的表达。结果显示,4/4直毛和4/4波浪形羔皮中共筛选出315个DEGs(阈值|log2FC|≥1且FDR<0.05),其中波浪形羔皮中274个基因下调,41个基因上调。GO分析发现,DEGs主要富集在细胞外结构组织、细胞外基质和整合素结合等3771个条目;KEGG分析显示,DEGs主要富集在细胞黏附分子、PI3K-AKT信号通路和RAS信号通路等209条通路。GSEA显示,DEGs主要与组氨酸代谢、肾素分泌和蛋白质消化吸收等通路相关;与4/4直毛形羔皮相比,富集到的与毛囊有关的RAS、PI3K-AKT和RAP1信号通路在4/4波浪形羔皮中呈下调趋势;转录因子预测发现编码转录因子(TFs)的差异基因共12个,其中上调基因2个,下调基因10个,主要包括SRY相关高迁移率族盒(SOX)、叉头框(FOX)和T盒(T-box)等TFs家族。qRT-PCR结果显示,筛选出的7个与羔皮性状相关的基因表达趋势与转录组测序结果一致,且IGF1和MFAP5基因在不同花案面积个体羔皮波浪处的表达量显著低于直毛处。综上,筛选出的AEBP1、IGF1、MMP27、MFAP5、RPTN、SPI1和THY1可作为影响羔皮性状的重要候选基因,为进一步解析湖羊波浪形羔皮形成的分子机制奠定基础。
The aim of this study was to conduct transcriptome sequencing on Hu lambskins with 4/4 straight hairs and 4/4 wavy pattern, and to identify the key genes affecting lambskin traits. Skin tissues (n=4) were collected from the side of the body of 4/4 straight hair and 4/4 wavy pattern Hu lambs. Total RNA was extracted for transcriptome sequencing, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and subjected to gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the KEGG pathways was also conducted, and the DEGs encoding transcription factors (TFs) were identified. Seven DEGs were selected for verification of their transcript profiles by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and the transcript profiles of DEGs in the site of straight hair and wavy pattern in individual lambskin with different wavy areas were compared. Results showed that a total of 315 DEGs (threshold |log2FC|≥1 and FDR<0.05) were screened out by comparing the transcriptomes of 4/4 straight hair and 4/4 wavy pattern lambskins. Of the 315 DEGs, 274 were down-regulated and 41 were up-regulated in wavy pattern lambskin compared with straight hair lambskin. The GO analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in 3771 items including extracellular structural tissues, extracellular matrix, and integrin binding. The KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in 209 pathways including the cell adhesion molecules, PI3K-AKT signaling, and RAS signaling pathways. The GSEA results indicated that DEGs were mainly related to pathways such as histidine metabolism, renin secretion, and protein digestion and absorption. The enriched signaling pathways related to hair follicles, including the RAS, PI3K-AKT, and RAP1 signaling pathways, showed a down-regulated trend in the 4/4 wavy pattern lambskin compared with the 4/4 straight hair lambskin. Among the DEGs, 12 encoded TFs, of which two were up-regulated and 10 were down-regulated in wavy pattern lambskin compared with straight hair lambskin. The down-regulated TF DEGs included those encoding SRY-related high-mobility group box (SOX), forkhead box (FOX), and T-box (T-box) TFs. The transcript levels of the seven candidate genes determined by qRT-PCR were consistent with those determined from the transcriptome analysis, and confirmed significantly lower transcript levels of IGF1 and MFAP5 in wavy pattern skin regions than in straight hair skin regions in individuals with different pattern coverage areas. In conclusion, AEBP1, IGF1, MMP27, MFAP5, RPTN, SPI1, and THY1 were identified as important candidate genes affecting lambskin traits. These results lay a foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanism of the formation of wavy lambskin in Hu sheep.
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