苦参白粉病的菌源研究
A study of sources of powdery mildew on kushen
苦参是我国重要的中药材和植物源农药材料,因野生苦参人工挖掘利用而日益减少,人工栽培苦参势在必行。白粉病是兰州地区苦参栽培中最主要的病害,因导致叶片脱落成为苦参栽培的主要限制因素。然而,该病害的病原菌来自周围其他植物还是从外地传播而来尚未查明,制约了防治策略的制定。为厘清此问题,本研究调查了苦参栽培环境中所有栽培植物白粉病的发生情况,对已发生的各白粉病,比较研究了症状、病原和白粉的重寄生菌。结果发现,苦参白粉病的病原菌不同于周围其他8种植物白粉病的病原菌,而确定菌源并非来自周围其他植物而是来自外地。尽管苦参白粉病的病原与白三叶、沙打旺、豇豆、蒲公英白粉病的病菌无性态均为粉孢属,但无性态孢子的大小和形状不同,苦参白粉病的病原未产生有性态,但其他4种植物白粉病的病菌均产生了有性态,其中,白三叶和沙打旺为豌豆白粉菌,豇豆的菌无性态为蓼白粉菌,蒲公英为棕丝单囊壳。苦参白粉病的病原与辣椒、番茄、臭椿、田旋花4种植物白粉病病菌的无性态截然不同,其中,辣椒和番茄白粉病的病菌无性态为拟白粉孢,产生的有性态为鞑靼内丝白粉菌,臭椿白粉病的病菌无性态为拟小卵孢属,产生的有性态为臭椿球针壳,田旋花白粉病的病菌有性态为双叉旋花白粉菌。以上9种植物白粉病的霉层上均有白粉重寄生菌,但重寄生菌的种类无差异,均为白粉寄生孢,本研究首次报道苦参白粉菌为白粉寄生孢的新寄主。
Kushen (Sophora flavescens) is an important traditional Chinese medicinal herb and a source of botanical pesticides in China. Due to the increasing depletion of wild kushen caused by human harvesting, cultivation of this plant has become imperative. However, powdery mildew, the most severe disease affecting cultivated kushen in Lanzhou, causes leaf fall and has become a major limiting factor in its cultivation. The origin of the powdery mildew pathogen affecting kushen-whether it originates from surrounding plants or has been introduced from outside the region-remains unclear, hindering the development of effective control strategies. To address this issue, this study investigated the occurrence of powdery mildew on all cultivated plants in the kushen growing environment. The symptoms, pathogens, and mycoparasites of the various powdery mildews were compared. The results revealed that the pathogen causing powdery mildew on kushen differs from those affecting eight other surrounding plants, confirming that the source of the kushen powdery mildew is not local but introduced from outside the region. Although the anamorphic stage of the kushen powdery mildew pathogen, like those of white clover (Trifolium repens), standing milk-vetch (Astragalus adsurgens), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum), belongs to the genus Oidium, differences were observed in the size and shape of the conidia. The kushen powdery mildew pathogen did not produce a teleomorph, whereas the pathogens of the other four plants did. The teleomorph of the white clover and standing milk-vetch powdery mildew pathogens was identified as Erysiphe pisi, that of cowpea as Erysiphe polygoni, and that of dandelion as Sphaerotheca fusca. In contrast, the anamorphic stage of the kushen powdery mildew pathogen was distinctly different from those of pepper, tomato, tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima), and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis). The anamorph of the pepper (Capsicum annuum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) powdery mildew pathogens was Oidiopsis taurica, with Leveillula taurica as the teleomorph. The anamorph of the tree-of-heaven powdery mildew pathogen was an Ovulariopsis sp., with Phyllactinia corylea as the teleomorph. The anamorph of the field bindweed powdery mildew pathogen produced a teleomorph identified as Erysiphe convolvuli var. dichotoma. All nine powdery mildews were found to be parasitized by mycoparasites, with no differences in the species identified-all were Ampelomyces quisqualis. This study is the first to report kushen powdery mildew as a new host for A. quisqualis.
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甘肃省教育科技创新项目(20228-363)
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