黄土丘陵区撂荒草地新鲜和半分解层凋落物混合对彼此早期分解的影响
张晓曦 , 梁倩怡 , 张泽强 , 罗媛媛 , 李利平 , 李若萱 , 刘鑫 , 胡博
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (07) : 58 -67.
黄土丘陵区撂荒草地新鲜和半分解层凋落物混合对彼此早期分解的影响
Mutual effects of fresh and semidecomposed litter from abandoned grasslands in the Loess Hilly Region during early mixed decomposition
草地生态系统中往往同时存在新鲜和半分解层凋落物,由于两者化学特性和定殖微生物的差异,其共同分解极有可能导致显著的混合分解效应,影响彼此和凋落物层整体的分解过程和系统内的物质循环。为验证上述现象是否存在、并分析其产生的潜在酶学机制,本研究以黄土丘陵区撂荒27 a左右草地内枯萎较早的硬质早熟禾和针茅的新鲜凋落物以及地表半分解层凋落物为对象,在20~25 ℃、恒湿条件下进行150 d的室内模拟混合分解试验。在分解过程中分离不同凋落物组分,测定各类型凋落物在参与混合分解时的分解速率、养分释放率和木质素酶活性,并将其与对应凋落物单独分解时的相应指标进行比较,据此分析两类凋落物混合分解时对彼此分解特征的影响及其机理。结果表明:1)总体而言,两类新鲜凋落物与半分解层凋落物混合时,均至少在试验后期显著促进彼此分解(P<0.05);2)分解150 d后,硬质早熟禾与半分解层凋落物显著促进彼此的碳释放,后者同时促进前者的氮和磷释放;针茅与半分解层凋落物显著促进彼此的碳和磷释放,前者同时显著促进后者的氮释放(P<0.05);3)总木质素酶活性与凋落物分解速率呈显著正相关(P<0.05),半分解层凋落物在分解30 d时显著提高硬质早熟禾凋落物的总木质素酶活性,但在150 d时产生抑制效应,其在上述分解时期均显著提高针茅凋落物的总木质素酶活性(P<0.05)。总体而言,新鲜和半分解层凋落物的混合有利于提高彼此的分解速率,在生态系统物质循环中可能发挥了积极作用。
Fresh and semidecomposed litter usually coexist in grassland ecosystems. Because of the differences in chemical traits and colonizing microorganisms, their mixing might lead to significant mixed decomposition effects and therefore the two mutually affect the decomposition of the other, and possibly also nutrient cycling in the entire ecosystem. To verify whether these mutual effects indeed exist and to clarify the underlying enzymatic mechanism of these effects, fresh litter from Poa sphondylodes and from Stipa grandis, which are early withering species, were collected from a 27-year-old abandoned grassland for this study. In addition, semidecomposed litter from the same grassland was also collected and used as the comparison. These two types of litter were mixed to conduct a 150-day indoor simulated decomposition experiment at 20-25 ℃. During each stage of decomposition, different types of litter were separated, the overall decomposition rates of the given litter in mixture were calculated, and the nutrient release rates and lignin-degrading enzyme activities were measured. These parameters were then compared with those observed when the corresponding litter decomposed individually. Via these methods, the possible mutual effects between fresh and semidecomposed litter during mixed decomposition were evaluated, and the underlying mechanism clarified. The results indicated: 1) In general, fresh and semidecomposed litter both significantly accelerated the decomposition of the other, and these effects occurred at least during the late stage of the decomposition experiment (P<0.05). 2) After 150 d of decomposition, P. sphondylodes litter and semidecomposed litter each significantly accelerated the C release of the other, while semidecomposed litter also significantly accelerated the N and P release of P. sphondylodes litter. S. grandis litter and semidecomposed litter significantly accelerated the C and P release of each other, whereas S. grandis litter also significantly accelerated the N release of semidecomposed litter (P<0.05). 3) The total lignin-degrading enzyme activity of the litter was significantly positively correlated with its decomposition rate (P<0.05). Semidecomposed litter significantly increased the total lignin-degrading enzyme activity of P. sphondylodes litter at the 30th day of decomposition, but had the opposite effect at the 150th day; However, it significantly increased the enzymatic activity of S. grandis litter at all mentioned stages (P<0.05). Generally, mixed decomposition is beneficial for the decomposition of both fresh and semidecomposed litter, which might play crucial positive roles in nutrient cycling in grassland ecosystems.
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