耐盐碱作物对南疆土壤理化性质和细菌群落组成的影响
Effects of salt-tolerant crops on the soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community composition in Southern Xinjiang
南疆地区土壤盐碱化程度加剧,对高粱、高丹草、田菁、玉米和棉花在盐碱地种植后土壤理化性质及细菌群落的变化尚未明晰。因此本研究设置单播高粱(S)、高丹草(SS)、田菁(Sb)、玉米(Zm)和棉花(Gs)5个处理,通过测定盐碱土样地种植不同耐盐碱作物处理下,表层0~20 cm土壤pH、电导率、土壤离子含量、碳/氮组分、酶活性和细菌群落,并进行综合分析,探究几种耐盐碱作物对于盐碱地土壤理化性质和细菌群落的影响。结果表明:S、SS和Sb处理土壤pH与各盐基离子含量较Zm、Gs处理更低;土壤颗粒有机碳(POC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物生物量有机碳(MBC)、易氧化态碳(EOC)含量表现为SS>Sb>S>Zm>Gs;SS处理土壤的速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)含量和蔗糖酶(INV)、脲酶(UE)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),Sb处理土壤的有机质(SOM)和全氮(TN)含量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),较种植前增长83.37%和42.11%;S处理土壤的NO3--N含量最高,SS处理土壤的轻组有机氮(LFON)和颗粒有机氮(PON)含量最高,Sb处理土壤的可溶性有机氮(DON)含量最高;SS处理土壤的细菌群落多样性高且分布均匀,土壤变形菌门(38.65%~43.53%)和假单胞菌属(0.43%~6.92%)为优势菌门/属;土壤细菌变形菌门、拟杆菌门、甲烷氧化细菌门等与土壤理化性质相关性较显著。综上所述,在南疆盐碱地区种植高丹草和田菁对土壤理化性质改良效果较为理想。
Soil salinization is increasing in Southern Xinjiang. However, the changes in soil properties and bacterial communities following the cultivation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), sorghum-sudangrass (S. bicolor×Sorghum sudanense), sesbania (Sesbania cannabina), maize (Zea mays), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in saline-alkali soils remain unclear. This study established five monoculture treatments: sorghum (S), sorghum-sudangrass (SS), sesbania (Sb), maize (Zm), and cotton (Gs). Soil samples from the 0-20 cm surface layer were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil ions, carbon/nitrogen fractions, enzyme activities, and bacterial community structure. Multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of these salt-tolerant forage crops on saline-alkali soil properties and bacterial community. The results indicated that soil pH and soil ions were lower in the S, SS, and Sb treatments compared to the Zm and Gs treatments. Soil organic carbon fractions, including particulate organic carbon, light fraction organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and easily oxidizable carbon showed a ranking trend of SS>Sb>S>Zm>Gs. The SS treatment exhibited significantly higher soil available phosphorus, available potassium content, and invertase, urease, catalase activities than other treatments (P<0.05). The Sb treatment showed significantly higher soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents than other treatments (P<0.05), with increases of 83.37% and 42.11%, respectively, compared to pre-cultivation levels. The S treatment had higher soil nitrate-nitrogen content, the SS treatment had higher light fraction organic nitrogen and particulate organic nitrogen contents, and the Sb treatment had higher dissolved organic nitrogen content than other treatments. The SS treatment resulted in high soil bacterial community diversity and even distributed soil. Proteobacteria (38.65%-43.53%) and Pseudomonas (0.43%-6.92%) were the dominant phylum and genus, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between soil physicochemical properties and bacterial phyla such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Methylomirabilota. In conclusion, cultivation of sorghum-sudangrass and sesbania in the saline-alkali soils of Southern Xinjiang provided superior amelioration effects on soil physicochemical properties, compared to other crops tested.
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南疆麦后优质饲草绿色生产与加工技术研究(2024DB003)
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