中国北方荒漠草原区灌木植被恢复效应及其对环境的依赖性
凡文帅 , 王兴 , 张祎 , 张艺斐 , 宋乃平 , 杨新国 , 李莹莹
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (05) : 36 -47.
中国北方荒漠草原区灌木植被恢复效应及其对环境的依赖性
Restoration effect of shrub vegetation and its dependence on the environment in a desert grassland area of northern China
荒漠草原区灌木植被的长期恢复与重建过程中,灌木形态和功能衰退问题逐渐凸显,这导致区域生态可持续恢复面临巨大挑战。理解区域尺度上灌木植被恢复效果和演变轨迹,并探讨其对恢复年限、降水量、年均温和土壤性质等环境要素的依赖性,是应对上述挑战的重要科学需求。以中国北方荒漠草原生态系统为研究对象,基于2000-2023年86篇中英文文献的Meta分析,整合64个独立试验的135条灌木形态和功能数据展开系统研究。结果表明:1)灌木根系生物量、冠幅和生殖枝数量恢复效应为50%~150%(P<0.05),但地上生物量的恢复效应较弱,为3%~15%(P>0.05)。2)随着恢复年限增加,灌木生物量恢复效应下降50%~70%(P<0.05);随着降水量增加,分枝数、冠幅和生殖枝数量的恢复效应上升了30%~50%(P>0.05);年均温升高导致灌木植被株高、生殖枝数量、分枝数和基径的恢复效应下降了20%~50%(P>0.05);相较于未退化的原生土壤生境,沙化退化生境显著促进灌木株高、基径和分枝数的恢复(P<0.05),但限制了地上生物量和冠幅的恢复(P>0.05)。3)上述灌木恢复效应对环境的依赖性特征存在多重阈值效应:降水量(240 mm,P>0.05)、年限(36年,P<0.05)和年均温(7.7 ℃,P<0.05)。阈值前后灌木整体恢复效益由正转变为负。综上,荒漠草原20多年的灌木植被恢复与重建过程中,灌木形态(分枝数、株高等)和功能(生物量)存在显著的衰退演变趋势;这种恢复正、负效应转变过程存在多重环境阈值;未来需要基于这些环境阈值区间,结合有利灌木恢复沙化生境,制定与环境高度相适宜的恢复和管理策略,以实现灌木植被的可持续恢复。
During the long-term recovery and restoration of shrub vegetation in desert-grassland regions, the issue of declining shrub morphology and function has become increasingly prominent, posing significant challenges to the sustainable ecological recovery of these areas. Understanding the effects and evolutionary trajectories of shrub vegetation restoration at the regional scale, and exploring how these trajectories depend on contextual factors (such as time since restoration began) and environmental factors (such as precipitation, mean annual temperature, and soil type), is an important scientific need. In this study, this challenge was addressed by studying desert grassland ecosystems in northern China using a Meta-analysis of 86 Chinese and English scientific sources published from 2000-2023. This Meta-analysis integrated 135 shrub morphological and functional data from 64 independent experiments to carry out a systematic study. The results showed that: 1) During restoration root biomass, crown width and reproductive branch number of shrubs were enhanced by 50%-150% (P<0.05), but the recovery effect for above-ground biomass was weaker-typically 3%-15% (P>0.05). 2) With increasing number of years since restoration commencement, shrub biomass decreased by 50%-70% (P<0.05); as precipitation increased, the restoration effect on branch number, crown width and number of reproductive branches increased by 30%-50% (P>0.05); warmer temperatures during restoration resulted in a 20%-50% decrease in the shrub vegetation plant height, reproductive branch number, total branch number, and basal diameter (P>0.05). In comparison with undegraded native soil habitats, sandy degraded habitats significantly promoted the recovery of shrub plant height, basal diameter and number of branches (P<0.05), but limited the recovery of above-ground biomass and crown width (P>0.05). 3) The environment-dependent characterization of the shrub restoration effects described above was marked by multiple threshold effects: precipitation (240 mm, P>0.05), restoration duration (36 years, P<0.05), and mean annual temperature (7.7 ℃, P<0.05). The overall restoration benefit of shrubs changed from positive to negative for data lying before and after the threshold. In summary, where duration of shrub vegetation restoration and reconstruction in the desert grassland exceeded 20 years, there was a definable trajectory of decline and evolution of shrub morphology (branch number, plant height, etc.) and function (biomass). Within this process of transformation there were multiple positive and negative environmental threshold effects within the restoration process. In the future, it will be necessary to formulate restoration and management strategies that are appropriate to the environment and take account of these environmental threshold intervals in conjunction with the more favorable shrub restoration capacity of sandy habitats in order to optimize the sustainability of restoration of shrub vegetation.
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国家自然科学基金项目(32171872)
国家自然科学基金项目(32060313)
国家自然科学基金项目(31901367)
宁夏自然科学基金优青项目(2024AAC05042)
中科院西部之光人才培养项目(XAB2022YW14)
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