补播与施磷对退化苜蓿草地生产力及土壤理化性质的影响
马江萍 , 曹立娟 , 张文文 , 赵梦雨 , 王腾飞 , 张译尹 , 王斌 , 李佳旺 , 王小兵 , 兰剑
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (07) : 92 -104.
补播与施磷对退化苜蓿草地生产力及土壤理化性质的影响
Effects of reseeding and phosphorus application on productivity and soil in improvement of degraded alfalfa stands
退化草地修复是草地复壮更新以及实现生态可持续发展的关键,补播和施磷是恢复和提升退化草地生产力的重要措施,针对黄土高原雨养区苜蓿草地中度退化问题,本研究于2018-2020年以苇状羊茅为试验材料,采用双因素随机区组试验设计,设置3个补播量(R1: 20.2 kg·hm-2; R2: 40.4 kg·hm-2; R3: 60.6 kg·hm-2),4个施磷梯度(F0: 0 kg·hm-2; F1: 75 kg·hm-2; F2: 150 kg·hm-2; F3: 225 kg·hm-2),对草地生产力、产量稳定性、可持续性及土壤养分进行研究。结果表明,补播和施磷均可在一定程度上促进牧草的株高和密度;2018年干草产量在R3F3处理时为最高,达9.3 t·hm-2,2019-2020年处理为R2F2时干草产量和总干草粗蛋白产量均达到最高(11.1、11.4 t·hm-2和2.4、2.2 t·hm-2),较F0R1分别提高了60.4%、51.8%和62.5%、59.1%;且该处理的变异系数较F0R1分别降低了50.0%和40.2%,产量可持续指数则分别提高了4.7%和7.7%。补播和施磷对0~20 cm和20~40 cm的土壤理化性质均产生影响,土壤有机质、全氮含量和土壤容重随补播量和施肥量的增加均先升高后降低,土壤孔隙度随补播量的变化趋势与之相反,随施磷量的增加而上升。综上,黄土高原雨养区退化苜蓿草地苇状羊茅补播量为40.4 kg·hm-2、施磷量为150 kg·hm-2是提高草地生产力、增加草地植被覆盖度、促进草地可持续生产和改良土壤环境的最佳补播量和施磷量。
The restoration of degraded grassland is the key to the rejuvenation and renewal of grassland and the realization of ecological sustainable development. Reseeding and phosphorus application are important measures to restore and improve the productivity of degraded grassland. In order to address the problem of moderate degradation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) stands in the rain-fed area of the Loess Plateau, this study used Festuca arundinacea as the experimental renovation species. The research was carried out from 2018 to 2020, using a two-factor randomized block experimental design, and three reseeding rates (R1: 20.2 kg·ha-1; R2: 40.4 kg·ha-1; R3: 60.6 kg·ha-1) and a gradation of four phosphorus application rates (F0: 0 kg·ha-1; F1: 75 kg·ha-1; F2: 150 kg·ha-1; F3: 225 kg·ha-1). The grassland productivity, yield stability, sustainability and soil nutrients were studied. The results showed that reseeding and phosphorus application significantly promoted the plant height and density of forage. In 2018, the hay yield was highest in the R3F3 treatment, at 9.3 t·ha-1. In 2019-2020, the hay yield and crude protein yield of total hay were highest in the R2F2 treatment (11.1、11.4 t·ha-1和2.4、2.2 t·ha-1, respectively), and these values were, respectively, 60.4%, 51.8% and 62.5%, 59.1% higher than those of F0R1. The coefficients orizons of variation of this treatment were 50.0% and 40.2% lower than those of F0R1, respectively, and the yield sustainability index was increased by 4.7% and 7.7%, respectively. The soil physical and chemical properties of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm horizons were affected by reseeding and phosphorus application. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen content and soil bulk density increased initially and then decreased with increased reseeding and fertilizer application rates. By contrast, the pattern of change in soil porosity with reseeding rate was the opposite, and these properties increased with increased phosphorus application rate. In summary, the reseeding rate of 40.4 kg·ha-1 and phosphorus application rate of 150 kg·ha-1 were the best treatments for improving grassland productivity, increasing grassland vegetation cover, sustainability of grassland production and improving the soil environment in degraded alfalfa grassland in the rain-fed area of the Loess Plateau.
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宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLXK2017A01)
草-畜禽种养结合生态循环模式研究与示范项目(2022BEG02011)
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