不同添加剂对茶渣青贮品质和微生物多样性的影响
Effects of additives on the quality and microbial diversity of tea residue silage
为探究添加剂对茶渣青贮品质及微生物多样性的影响,本试验以茶渣作为基础原料,设置了6个添加剂处理组:乳酸菌单独处理组(T1组)、红糖单独处理组(T2组)、纤维素酶单独处理组(T3组)、乳酸菌+红糖组合处理组(T4组)、乳酸菌+纤维素酶组合处理组(T5组)、乳酸菌+红糖+纤维素酶组合处理组(T6组),以及无添加剂对照组(CK组)。每个处理组均设3个独立重复,青贮时间为30 d。青贮完成后,取样进行营养成分、发酵品质、抗营养因子等指标检测及微生物多样性分析。结果表明:1)添加剂处理显著提高了茶渣青贮的乳酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量和植酸酶活性(P<0.05),同时显著降低了pH值、丙酸和植酸含量(P<0.05);与CK组相比,T4和T5组的干物质和总糖含量均显著增加(P<0.05),T1、T2及T5组的酸性洗涤纤维含量显著增加(P<0.05),T6组的总酚含量显著降低(P<0.05),T3组的单宁酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),T2、T4及T6组的挥发性脂肪酸含量均显著增加(P<0.05)。2)在微生物群落分析中,各组在门水平上的优势菌群为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门;在属水平上,优势菌群包括乳杆菌属(相对丰度20.0%~81.9%)、醋杆菌属(0.4%~24.7%)、双歧杆菌属(1.1%~16.7%)和芽孢杆菌属(7.0%~11.3%);与CK组相比,T1、T4及T5组的韦荣氏球菌属相对丰度明显降低,而T4组的Alpha多样性指数表现出显著差异(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加剂处理能够明显改善茶渣青贮品质,有效调整青贮发酵微生物群落结构,且多种添加剂组合处理效果显著优于单个添加剂处理,为茶渣资源化利用提供了实用参考。
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of additives on the quality of tea (Camellia sinensis) residue silage and its associated microbial diversity. Tea residue was used as the primary raw material, and six additive treatment groups were established: a lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-only treatment group (T1), a brown sugar-only treatment group (T2), a cellulase-only treatment group (T3), a combined treatment group of LAB and brown sugar (T4), a combined treatment group of LAB and cellulase (T5), and a combined treatment group of LAB, brown sugar, and cellulase (T6). The experiment also included a control group with no additives (CK). Each treatment group was replicated three times independently, and ensiled for 30 days. Upon completion of the silage process, silages were sampled to analyze their nutritional composition, fermentation quality, anti-nutritional factors, and microbial diversity. The main results were: 1) Additive treatments significantly increased the contents of lactic acid, soluble protein, and soluble sugar, as well as phytase activity in the tea residue silage (P<0.05), while significantly reducing pH, propionic acid content, and phytic acid content (P<0.05). Compared with the CK group, the T4 and T5 groups exhibited significantly higher dry matter and total sugar contents (P<0.05); and the T1, T2, and T5 groups exhibited significantly higher acid detergent fiber content (P<0.05). The total phenol content in the T6 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05) and tannase activity was significantly increased in the T3 group (P<0.05) compared with the CK group. Additionally, the volatile fatty acid content was significantly higher in the T2, T4, and T6 groups than in the CK group (P<0.05). 2) In the microbial community analysis, the dominant phyla across all groups were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria included Lactobacillus (relative abundance range: 20.0%-81.9%), Acetobacter (0.4%-24.7%), Bifidobacterium (1.1%-16.7%), and Bacillus (7.0%-11.3%). The relative abundance of Veillonella was lower in the T1, T4, and T5 groups than in the CK group. Additionally, the Alpha diversity index of the T4 group was significantly different from that of the other groups (P<0.05). In summary, the use of additives significantly enhanced the quality of tea residue silage and effectively modulate microbial community structure during silage fermentation. Moreover, the combined use of multiple additives demonstrated superior performance compared with single additive treatments. These findings offer a practical reference for the resource-efficient utilization of tea residue.
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国家自然科学基金(32302791)
福建省自然科学基金(2024J01331)
福建省竞争性公益类项目(2023R1075)
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