不同生态条件下燕麦种质资源遗传多样性分析与综合评价
张博鸿 , 马祥 , 琚泽亮 , 段连学 , 王小军 , 贾志锋
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (07) : 151 -164.
不同生态条件下燕麦种质资源遗传多样性分析与综合评价
Genetic diversity analysis and multi-trait evaluation of oat germplasm under different ecological conditions
青藏高原地区气候严酷,天然牧草初级生产力低,人工草地建植已成为缓解草畜矛盾的重要途径。然而,当前人工草地存在品种适应性差、种质单一等问题,难以满足畜牧业发展需求,亟需筛选出适宜高寒生态区人工种植的优质高产饲用燕麦品种。本研究在不同的生态条件下,对48份燕麦种质资源的农艺性状、饲草产量、营养品质以及光合生理参数进行测定,采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和TOPSIS-多准则决策模型进行遗传多样性分析和综合评价。结果表明:供试材料遗传多样性丰富,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.77~2.08;结构方程模型揭示基因型和株高是影响相对饲喂价值的关键因子,总效应值分别为0.506和-0.617;区域适应性方面,青永久178、257和226在湟中区表现出优良的综合性状;青永久486、051和465在贵南县整体表现较佳;此外,青永久160、458和085在两个生态条件下均位居前列,表现出较强的适应广度。综上所述,本研究筛选到的燕麦种质可为青藏高原等高寒牧区培育优异燕麦品种提供重要材料。
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is characterized by harsh climatic conditions and low primary productivity of natural pastures. Establishing artificial grasslands has become a key strategy to alleviate the conflict between forage availability and livestock demand. However, current artificial pastures face challenges such as limited varietal adaptability and narrow genetic diversity, which hinder the sustainable development of animal husbandry. There is an urgent need to identify high-yielding, high-quality oat (Avena sativa) germplasm adapted to alpine environments. In this study, 48 oat germplasm lines were evaluated under different ecological conditions for agronomic traits, forage yield, nutritional quality, and photosynthetic physiological parameters. Genetic diversity and multi-trait performance were assessed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making model. Results showed a high level of genetic diversity among the germplasm lines, with Shannon-Wiener indices ranging from 1.77 to 2.08. Structural equation modeling further revealed that genotype and plant height were the key determinants of relative feed value (RFV), with standardized total effects of 0.506 and -0.617, respectively. In terms of regional adaptability, the germplasm lines Qingyongjiu 178, 257, and 226 exhibited superior performance in Huangzhong District, while Qingyongjiu 486, 051, and 465 performed better in Guinan County. Notably, Qingyongjiu 160, 458, and 085 ranked highly in both locations, demonstrating broad adaptability. These elite germplasm resources identified in this study can be recommended as providing valuable genetic materials for the development of oat cultivars suitable for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other alpine pastoral regions.
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青海省科技特派员专项(2025-NK-P22)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-07)
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