毛乌素沙地不同年限柠条固沙林林下草本土壤种子库特征研究
石文杰 , 李小伟 , 任振强 , 刘吉德 , 刘玲 , 郝淑香 , 李云霞
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (08) : 1 -13.
毛乌素沙地不同年限柠条固沙林林下草本土壤种子库特征研究
Characteristics of understory herbaceous soil seed banks in Caragana korshinskii sand-fixation thickets of different ages in the Mu Us Sandy Land
土壤种子库是沙地植被恢复的重要种源库,探究其随固沙年限的变化规律对荒漠沙化治理具有重要科学意义。本研究以毛乌素沙地不同固沙年限(10、30、50、70 a)柠条固沙林为对象,结合野外调查、种子库萌发试验与土壤理化性质分析,系统解析土壤种子库在不同固沙阶段的特征演变及驱动因子。结果表明:土壤种子库共萌发出28种植物,隶属8科22属,以菊科、禾本科和苋科为主。随着固沙年限延长,一年生草本植物占比逐渐减少,而多年生草本植物占比逐渐增加。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数与Simpson优势度指数均随固沙年限的延长表现出递增趋势,而Pielou均匀度指数则逐渐降低。土壤种子库密度随固沙年限延长显著增加,种子库平均密度为303.31~5719.72粒·m-2,主要集中于0~2 cm和2~5 cm土层土壤,且随土层深度的增加逐渐降低。除30 a样地外土壤种子库与地上植被均表现为中等相似性,并随固沙年限的延长呈波动性增加。冗余分析表明,地上植被物种均匀度(F=4.0, P=0.016)是显著影响种子库的植被因子,土壤速效氮(F=13.7, P=0.002)则是主要的土壤驱动因子。综上,随固沙年限延长,土壤种子库呈多样性增强、密度升高的正向演替趋势。本研究可以为毛乌素沙地植被恢复及生态潜力提升提供科学依据。
The soil seed bank serves as a crucial seed source for vegetation restoration in sandy areas. Investigating how it changes during prolonged periods of sand fixation holds significant scientific importance for combating desertification. This study focused on Caragana korshinskii sand-fixing thickets of different ages (10, 30, 50, and 70 years) in the Mu Us Sandy Land. By integrating field surveys, seed bank germination experiments, and soil physicochemical property analysis, we systematically analyzed the evolution of the soil seed bank and its driving factors across different periods of sand fixation. The results show that 28 plant species germinated from the soil seed bank. These 28 species belonged to 22 genera and 8 families, predominantly Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Amaranthaceae. As the period of sand fixation increased, the proportion of annual herbaceous plants gradually decreased, while that of perennial herbaceous plants progressively rose. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, and Simpson dominance index all exhibited increasing trends with prolonged sand fixation, whereas the Pielou evenness index gradually declined. The soil seed bank density increased significantly as the period of sand fixation increased, from 303.31 to 5719.72 seeds·m⁻². The seed bank was primarily concentrated in the 0-2 cm and 2-5 cm soil layers, and decreased progressively with increasing soil depth. The similarity between the soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation exhibited moderate levels across all sites, except in the 30-year-old thicket, and showed a fluctuating increase with prolonged sand fixation. A redundancy analysis revealed that aboveground vegetation species evenness (F=4.0, P=0.016) was the significant vegetation factor affecting the seed bank, while soil available nitrogen (F=13.7, P=0.002) was the primary soil factor driving the seed bank. In conclusion, as the duration of sand fixation increased, the soil seed bank exhibited a successional trend characterized by enhanced diversity and increased density. This study provides a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and potential ecological enhancement in the Mu Us Sandy Land.
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宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目(2024AAC03102)
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