25-羟基维生素D3对奶公牛生产性能和肌肉蛋白质合成基因表达的影响
张浩东 , 荆玉倩 , 冯家欣 , 刘百峤 , 冯江 , 孙楠 , 霍文婕 , 郭刚 , 刘强 , 王聪
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (08) : 134 -143.
25-羟基维生素D3对奶公牛生产性能和肌肉蛋白质合成基因表达的影响
Effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on growth performance and expression of genes related to protein synthesis in muscle of dairy bulls
本试验旨在探究25-羟基维生素D3(CAL)和包被CAL(CCAL)对奶公牛生长性能、养分消化、瘤胃发酵、血液指标和肌肉蛋白质合成关键基因表达的影响。选择50头体重[(175.6±16.81) kg]和年龄[(6.0±0.2)月]相近的荷斯坦公牛,依据随机区组设计分为5组,每组10头牛。对照组饲喂基础日粮,低CAL(LCAL)、高CAL(HCAL)、低CCAL(LCCAL)和高CCAL(HCCAL)组分别以CAL或CCAL的形式补充0.5或1.0 mg CAL·d-1。公牛饲养试验期为70 d,其中预饲期10 d,正式试验期间测定公牛体重,采集饲料样、粪样、瘤胃液、血液和肌肉组织样品。结果显示:1)随CAL或CCAL添加水平的增加,公牛平均日增重(ADG)线性提高(P<0.05),料重比线性降低(P<0.05);干物质、有机物和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率线性提高(P<0.05);瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量、异丁酸和异戊酸摩尔比线性提高(P<0.05),乙酸/丙酸线性降低(P<0.05);血液总蛋白、白蛋白、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、CAL和1,25-二羟基维生素D3含量线性提高(P<0.05),丙二醛含量线性降低(P<0.05);肌肉IGF-1、胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(IGF-1R)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)和核糖体蛋白S6激酶(P70S6K)mRNA相对表达量线性提高(P<0.05)。2)CCAL组公牛ADG、血液T-AOC、GSH-Px、CAL和1,25-二羟基维生素D3含量、肌肉IGF-1、IGF-1R、PI3K、mTOR和P70S6K mRNA相对表达量显著高于CAL组(P<0.05),养分消化率和瘤胃TVFA含量与CAL组无显著差异(P>0.05),料重比显著低于CAL组(P<0.05)。综上表明,CCAL对提高公牛生长性能和降低料重比较CAL更有效。
We evaluated the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (CAL) and coated CAL (CCAL) on the average daily weight gain, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, and transcript profiles of genes related to protein synthesis in muscle of dairy bulls. Fifty Holstein bulls with (175.6 ± 16.81) kg body weight and (6.0 ± 0.2) months of age were assigned in a randomized block design to five groups with 10 bulls per group. Bulls in the control group received no supplementation, and those in the low CAL (LCAL), high CAL (HCAL), low CCAL (LCCAL), and high CCAL (HCCAL) groups received supplementation of 0.5 or 1.0 mg·d⁻1 in the form of CAL or CCAL, respectively. The experimental period was 70 days, with 10 days for adaptation. During the data and sample collection period, the body weights of bulls were measured, and samples of feed, feces, ruminal fluid, blood, and muscle were collected. 1) It was found that with increasing CAL or CCAL supplementation, the average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly (P<0.05), and the feed-to-gain ratio decreased linearly (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing CAL or CCAL supplementation. Ruminal total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) content and molar proportions of isobutyrate and isovalerate increased linearly (P<0.05), but the acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing CAL or CCAL supplementation. Blood total protein, albumin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), CAL, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ increased linearly (P<0.05), but the malondialdehyde content decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing CAL or CCAL supplementation. The transcript levels of IGF-1, IGF-1R, PI3K, mTOR, and P70S6K (encoding insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase, respectively) in muscle increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing CAL or CCAL supplementation. 2) Compared with bulls in the CAL groups, those in the CCAL groups had higher ADG, blood T-AOC, GSH-Px, CAL, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ levels and higher transcript levels of IGF-1, IGF-1R, PI3K, mTOR and P70S6K in muscle, similar nutrient digestibility and ruminal TVFA contents, but lower feed-to-gain ratio. These results indicate that CCAL is more effective than CAL for increasing the growth performance of bulls and decreasing the feed-to-gain ratio.
| [1] |
Eder K, Grundmann S M. Vitamin D in dairy cows: Metabolism, status and functions in the immune system. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 2022, 76(1): 1-33. |
| [2] |
Tangestani H, Boroujeni H K, Djafarian K, et al. Vitamin D and the gut microbiota: A narrative literature review. Clinical Nutrition Research, 2021, 10(3): 181-191. |
| [3] |
Wang L H, Xu H J, Zhang Q Y, et al. Effects of different doses of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, plasma metabolites and fecal flora of pre-weaning calves. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022, 34(1): 404-412. |
| [4] |
王丽华, 徐宏建, 张全宇, 不同剂量25羟基维生素D3对断奶前犊牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血浆代谢物及粪便菌群的影响. 动物营养学报, 2022, 34(1): 404-412. |
| [5] |
Mudado F S, Silveira M B, Fernandes H J, et al. Supplementation with 25-hydroxicolecalciferol increases the nutritional efficiency and carcass growth of grazing Nellore young bulls. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2024, 318: 116138. |
| [6] |
Martins T E, Gouvêa V N, Perdigão A, et al. Effects of supplemental 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on growth performance, physiological responses, and gene expression of skeletal muscle growth of finishing beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 2025, 103: skaf090. |
| [7] |
Zhou X Y, Zou Y W, Xu Y H, et al. Dietary supplementation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 improves growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function in weaned piglets. Antioxidants, 2022, 11(9): 1750. |
| [8] |
Singh P, Rawat A, Alwakeel M, et al. The potential role of vitamin D supplementation as a gut microbiota modifier in healthy individuals. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10: 21641. |
| [9] |
Hao B B. Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on rumen fermentation, blood parameters and meat quality of Yanbian yellow cattle. Yanji: Yanbian University, 2024. |
| [10] |
郝贝贝. 补饲维生素D3对延边黄牛瘤胃发酵、血液指标及肉品质的影响. 延吉: 延边大学, 2024. |
| [11] |
Hymøller L, Jensen S K. Stability in the rumen and effect on plasma status of single oral doses of vitamin D and vitamin E in high-yielding dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 2010, 93(12): 5748-5757. |
| [12] |
Horst R L, Reinhardt T A. Vitamin D metabolism in ruminants and its relevance to the periparturient cow. Journal of Dairy Science, 1983, 66(4): 661-678. |
| [13] |
Meng Q X, Zhou Z M, Wu H. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Beijing: Science Press, 2018. |
| [14] |
孟庆翔, 周振明, 吴浩. 肉牛营养需要. 北京: 科学出版社, 2018. |
| [15] |
Horwitz W, Jr Latimer G W. Official methods of analysis (the 18th edition). Gaithersburg: AOAC International, 2006. |
| [16] |
Makkar H P S, Sharma O P, Dawra R K, et al. Simple determination of microbial protein in rumen liquor. Journal of Dairy Science, 1982, 65(11): 2170-2173. |
| [17] |
Wang J Q. Research methods in ruminant nutrition. Beijing: Modern Education Press, 2011. |
| [18] |
王加启. 反刍动物营养学研究方法. 北京: 现代教育出版社, 2011. |
| [19] |
Liu Y J, Chen J Z, Wang D H, et al. Effects of guanidinoacetic acid and coated folic acid supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestion and hepatic gene expression in Angus bulls. British Journal of Nutrition, 2021, 126(4): 510-517. |
| [20] |
Mcgrath J J, Savage D B, Godwin I R. The potential for pharmacological supply of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to increase phosphorus utilization in cattle. Animal Production Science, 2013, 53: 1238-1245. |
| [21] |
Russell J R, Sexten W J, Kerley M S, et al. Relationship between antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress, and feed efficiency in beef steers. Journal of Animal Science, 2016, 94(7): 2942-2953. |
| [22] |
Yoon M S. mTOR as a key regulator in maintaining skeletal muscle mass. Frontiers in Physiology, 2017, 8: 788. |
| [23] |
Huang Z X, Fu Z M, Wang J, et al. Effects of dietary supplementation levels of vitamin A and vitamin D3 on growth performance, jejunal function, and tibia development in goslings from 1 to 28 days of age. Poultry Science, 2025, 104: 104780. |
| [24] |
Dijkstra J, Ellis J L, Kebreab E, et al. Ruminal pH regulation and nutritional consequences of low pH. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2012, 172(1): 22-33. |
| [25] |
Liu Q, Wang C, Pei C X, et al. Effects of isovalerate supplementation on microbial status and rumen enzyme profile in steers fed on corn stover based diet. Livestock Science, 2014, 161: 60-68. |
| [26] |
Palma-hidalgo J M, Belanche A, Jimenez E, et al. Multi-omics in vitro study of the salivary modulation of the goat rumen microbiome. Animal, 2023, 17: 100895. |
| [27] |
Vigors S, Flores-villalva S, Meade K G. The impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on the faecal and oral microbiome of dairy calves indoors or at pasture. Scientific Reports, 2023, 13: 9111. |
| [28] |
Blakely L P, Wells T L, Kweh M F, et al. Effect of vitamin D source and amount on vitamin D status and response to endotoxin challenge. Journal of Dairy Science, 2023, 106(2): 912-926. |
| [29] |
Oh Y K, Kim J H, Kim K H, et al. Effects of level and degradability of dietary protein on ruminal fermentation and concentrations of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen in ruminal and omasal digesta of Hanwoo steers. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2008, 21(3): 392-403. |
| [30] |
Martens P J, Gysemans C, Verstuyf A, et al. Vitamin D’s effect on immune function. Nutrients, 2020, 12: 1248. |
| [31] |
Mcgrath J J, Savage D B, Nolan J V, et al. Phosphorus and calcium retention in steers fed a roughage diet is influenced by dietary 25OH vitamin D. Animal Production Science, 2012, 52(7): 636-640. |
| [32] |
Rowling M J, Gliniak C, Welsh J, et al. High dietary vitamin D prevents hypocalcemia and osteomalacia in CYP27B1 knockout mice. The Journal of Nutrition, 2007, 137(12): 2608-2615. |
| [33] |
Montenegro K R, Cruzat V, Carlessi R, et al. Mechanisms of vitamin D action in skeletal muscle. Nutrition Research Reviews, 2019, 32: 192-204. |
山西省肉牛产业技术创新战略联盟(2025CXYRH-048)
山西省现代农业牛产业技术体系建设项目(2025CYJSTX13)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |