豆科植物种子休眠的生理及分子机制研究进展
刘昊臻 , 赵士钦 , 冯树蓉 , 王成 , 张景鈜 , 孙守江
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (08) : 207 -220.
豆科植物种子休眠的生理及分子机制研究进展
Progress in research on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of seed dormancy in legumes
种子休眠是植物在长期进化过程中形成的一种适应性特征,使植物能够在逆境条件下存活。豆科植物作为全球农业生产的核心作物类群(涵盖粮食、饲料、绿肥等),其种子休眠特性直接影响播种质量、田间出苗率及产量稳定性。豆科植物种子休眠的分子调控主要以脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA)含量平衡为核心,通过种皮发育基因、转录因子网络、表观修饰及环境信号整合的复杂系统,该机制既保证种子在不利环境中存活,又能在适宜条件下精准萌发。生理休眠是种子休眠的主要因素,ABA与GA并非直接相互作用,而是通过其拮抗效应分别促进“休眠维持”和“萌发启动”,ABA下游发芽抑制因子ABI3有许多靶基因在拟南芥中已被报道,包括ABI5、DELLA和bHLH转录因子,但在豆科植物中相应的调控网络尚不明确,ABI3在ABA信号传导通路与其他因子的相互作用仍待研究。因此,基于近年来的相关研究成果,系统梳理了豆科植物种子休眠的类型、种子休眠破除技术及休眠的分子调控网络,重点总结豆科植物种子特有的休眠特征。此外,基于模式植物种子休眠的分子调控研究进展,提出豆科植物种子休眠的潜在分子调控假设模型,为豆科植物种子休眠分子调控机制的进一步研究提供理论指导,也为豆科植物栽培实践和后续品种改良提供理论支撑。
Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait that developed during long-term evolution, enabling plants to survive under adverse conditions. Legumes are a core crop group in global agricultural production (encompassing food, forage, and green manure), and the dormancy characteristics of their seeds directly affect sowing quality, field emergence rate, and yield stability. The molecular regulation of seed dormancy in legumes primarily revolves around the balance between abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) levels, involving a complex system that integrates the expression of genes involved in seed coat development and transcription factor networks, as well as epigenetic modifications and environmental signals. This mechanism ensures seed survival under unfavorable conditions while enabling precise germination under suitable circumstances. Physiological dormancy is the primary factor in seed dormancy, where ABA and GA do not directly interact but instead exhibit antagonistic effects-ABA promotes “dormancy maintenance” while GA triggers “germination initiation”. In Arabidopsis thaliana, many downstream targets of the ABA-responsive germination inhibitor ABI3 have been identified, including the ABI5, DELLA, and bHLH transcription factors. However, the corresponding regulatory network in legumes remains unclear, and further research is required to explore the interactions between ABI3 and other factors in the ABA signaling pathway. Based on recent research, this paper systematically reviews the types of seed dormancy in legumes, dormancy-breaking techniques, and molecular regulatory networks, with a focus on legume-specific dormancy traits. Furthermore, drawing on advances in research on the molecular regulation of seed dormancy in model plants, we propose a hypothetical model for the molecular regulation of seed dormancy in legumes. This review provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of seed dormancy in legumes while offering insights for cultivation practices and varietal improvement.
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国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(C类)(32503269)
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