鄱阳湖流域机收双季晚稻田紫云英适宜播期与播量研究
万里 , 陈晓芬 , 周国朋 , 何小林 , 秦文婧 , 罗文文 , 刘佳
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (08) : 22 -31.
鄱阳湖流域机收双季晚稻田紫云英适宜播期与播量研究
Study of suitable seeding time and seeding density of milk vetch in machine-harvested late rice in the Poyang Lake Basin
水稻机械化收割的大范围普及对紫云英生产利用带来了一定的负面影响,尤其是对皮带碾压区紫云英生长损害较大。高产紫云英是种植绿肥作物的重要目标,而播期、播量是影响紫云英产量形成的关键因素。为探究鄱阳湖流域晚稻机械收获背景下不同播期、播量对紫云英生物量及养分吸收的影响,明确鄱阳湖流域稻田紫云英的最佳种植参数,采用随机区组设计试验,设置5个播期(晚稻收获前4、3、2、1周稻底套播和晚稻收获后当天播种;T1~T5)和5个播量(1、2、3、4、5 g·m-2;D1~D5)开展研究。2020-2021连续两年试验结果表明,播期与播量对紫云英生物量和养分吸收量影响显著。从播期来看,紫云英生物量和养分吸收量随着播期推迟呈先降低后增加的趋势。与晚稻收获前3周播种处理(T2)相比,其他各处理(T1、T3、T4、T5)鲜草生物量下降0.9%~18.0%,鲜草生物量表现为T2>T1>T5>T4>T3。干草生物量以T5处理最高。表明传统经验的稻底套播(晚稻收获前1~2周播种紫云英)受机收的影响很大,已不再适用于生产实际,应选择晚稻收获前3周或收获后即时播种以获得更高的紫云英生物量。在播量方面,紫云英生物量和养分吸收量随着播量增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。与播量3 g·m-2处理(D3)相比,其他播量处理(D1、D2、D4、D5)紫云英干草生物量下降5.2%~24.7%,干草生物量整体表现为D3>D5>D4>D2>D1。表明适当加大播种量可以显著提高紫云英的鲜草生物量,弥补因机械碾压导致的紫云英产量达不到适宜还田量的不足。综上,在鄱阳湖流域机收晚稻田种植紫云英时,宜选择在晚稻收获前3周进行稻底套播或晚稻收获后及时播种,并采用3 g·m-2的播量,此方案有助于实现紫云英的高产与高效利用。本研究成果为鄱阳湖流域稻田紫云英的推广种植提供了理论依据,对区域农业生态与可持续发展具有重要意义。
The widespread adoption of machine-harvesting in rice (Oryza sativa) crops has had a negative impact on the production of intercropped milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus), often resulting in damage to milk vetch in the belt rolling area. High milk vetch yield is an important objective when growing green manure crops, and sowing date and sowing rate are the key factors affecting milk vetch yield. Therefore this research investigated the effects of different sowing dates and seeding rates on the biomass and nutrient uptake of milk vetch interplanted into machine-harvested late rice, in order to clarify the optimal planting parameters of milk vetch in paddy fields in the Poyang Lake Basin. The experiment comprised a randomized block design, with five sowing dates (4, 3, 2, and 1 weeks before the harvest of late rice, and sowing milk vetch on the same day after the harvest of late rice; T1-T5) and five seeding densities (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g·m-2; D1-D5). The results of two consecutive years of experiments in 2020-2021 showed that seeding time and seeding density had significant effects on biomass and nutrient uptake of milk vetch. In terms of seeding time, the biomass and nutrient uptake of milk vetch showed a tendency to decreasing and then increasing with delayed seeding time. Compared with the treatment sown three weeks before the harvest of late rice (T2), the fresh grass yield of the other treatments (T1, T3, T4, T5) decreased by 0.9%-18.0%, and the grass fresh biomass yields ranked T2>T1>T5>T4>T3. The T5 treatment achieved the highest dry grass biomass. This indicated that the traditional practice of rice intercropping (sowing milk vetch at 1-2 weeks before the harvest of late rice) which was greatly affected by the machine-harvesting of late rice, it is no longer appropriate. Rather, milk vetch should be sown 3 weeks before or immediately after the harvest of late rice to obtain higher yields of milk vetch. In terms of seeding density, the biomass and nutrient uptake of milk vetch showed a trend of increasing initially and then decreasing with increased seeding density. Compared with the seeding density of 3 g·m-2 treatment (D3), the milk vetch dry grass biomass in other seeding density treatments (D1, D2, D4, D5) was decreased by 5.2%-24.7%, and the milk vetch dry grass biomass ranked D3>D5>D4>D2>D1. This indicates that in order to mitigate plant damage during machine-harvesting of late rice, the milk vetch biomass can be managed by manipulating the sowing density to ensure that the yield of milk vetch between rice crops is optimized. In conclusion, when planting milk vetch in machine-harvested rice fields in the Poyang Lake Basin, it is preferable to sow milk vetch 3 weeks before or immediately after the harvest of late rice and adopt a seeding density of 3 g·m-2, in order to help achieve a high yield and efficient use of milk vetch. These research results provide tested recommendations for milk vetch planting in rice fields in the Poyang Lake Basin, and should enhance farmer adoption of milk vetch planting between rice crops and improve the agro-ecological status sustainability of rice cropping in the region.
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江西省赣鄱俊才支持计划——高层次和急需紧缺海外人才引进项目(20242BCE50073)
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-22)
江西省自然科学基金(20242BAB21032)
江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养专项(JXSNKYJCRC202425)
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