18个燕麦品种在日喀则的生产性能和青贮品质评价
黄德锋 , 李珂珂 , 赖可 , 班洁 , 王硕 , 齐博康 , 张晓雯 , 钟志强 , 邓孝琛 , 原现军
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (08) : 84 -96.
18个燕麦品种在日喀则的生产性能和青贮品质评价
Evaluation of yield, nutritional quality and silage quality of 18 oat varieties in Shigatse
为筛选出适合日喀则高寒气候的优质燕麦品种,在日喀则市对18个饲用燕麦品种进行引种栽培,测定了其农艺性状、生产性能、营养品质和青贮特性。结果表明:干草产量以甜燕75为最高,达13.40 t·hm⁻²,其次为泰克,干草产量达11.39 t·hm⁻²。粗蛋白含量以泰克最高,为12.17%。定燕2号中性洗涤纤维含量最低,为46.34%。高燕17、定燕2号、优牧1号、前锋和泰克的酸性洗涤纤维含量低于其余参试品种,分别为24.07%、24.75%、25.10%、26.15%和26.36%。自然青贮80 d后,除英迪米特、陇燕3号、歌莉娅、高燕16和定燕2号青贮饲料的pH高于4.2外,其余品种均发酵良好,泰克和甜燕2+的乳酸含量较高,各品种的氨态氮含量均低于10%,英迪米特和优牧1号丁酸含量较高,其余品种均低于1%。前锋、优牧1号和泰克青贮饲料相对饲喂价值(RFV)和饲草分级指数(FGI)排名位列前三,饲用价值较高。综合考虑产量、营养品质和青贮特性,根据主成分、灰色关联度和熵权TOPSIS法分析结果,推荐将前锋、泰克和优牧1号作为日喀则高寒地区饲用燕麦的核心推广品种。
This research aimed to identify high-quality oat (Avena sativa) varieties suitable for the alpine climate in Shigatse. Eighteen forage oat varieties were selected and cultivated in Shigatse City, and their agronomic traits, yield, nutritional quality, and silage characteristics were determined. The results indicated that the oat variety Tianyan 75 had the highest hay yield (up to 13.40 t·ha-1), followed by Taike (11.39 t·ha-1). Taike had the highest crude protein content, at 12.17%. Dingyan No.2 had the lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, at 46.34%. Gaoyan 17, Dingyan No.2, Youmu No.1, Qianfeng, and Taike had lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents than the other tested varieties, with the ADF contents being 24.07%, 24.75%, 25.10%, 26.15%, and 26.36% respectively. After 80 days of natural ensiling, all varieties showed good fermentation except for Indimite, Longyan No.3, Gloria, Gaoyan 16, and Dingyan No.2, whose silage pH values were higher than 4.2. Taike and Tianyan 2+ had comparatively high lactic acid contents. The ammonia nitrogen content of all varieties was lower than 10%; Indimite and Youmu No.1 had the highest butyric acid contents at >1%, while the other varieties were all lower than 1%. Qianfeng, Youmu No.1, and Taike ranked the top three in terms of relative feeding value and forage grading index of their silages, exhibiting high forage value. Based on a multivariate consideration of yield, nutritional quality, and silage characteristics, and according to the results of principal component analysis, grey relational analysis, and entropy-weighted TOPSIS analyses, Qianfeng, Youmu No.1, and Taike are recommended as high performing varieties of forage oats in the alpine regions of Shigatse.
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日喀则市区域科技协同创新专项(QYXTZX-RKZ2025-03-2)
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