江淮地区不同秋眠性紫花苜蓿品种的生产性能比较研究
王霞 , 颜梦雨 , 王千禧 , 魏臻武 , 魏佳 , 曹正锋 , 吕燕燕 , 张传杰 , 闵学阳
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (08) : 65 -83.
江淮地区不同秋眠性紫花苜蓿品种的生产性能比较研究
A comparative study of the yield of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) varieties with different fall dormancy in the Yangtze-Huaihe region
针对江淮地区夏季高温高湿胁迫制约苜蓿优质高产的关键问题,于2023-2024年在扬州地区以42个不同秋眠性紫花苜蓿品种为材料,系统比较了其生育期、株高、草产量、叶茎比、再生速度、越夏率及粗蛋白等指标,并采用灰色关联分析法进行综合评价。结果表明,参试品种在返青期、再生速度、各茬次产量及越夏表现上存在显著差异(P<0.05);品种间叶粗蛋白含量在各季节间相对稳定,而叶茎比季节波动显著。相关性分析显示,秋眠级与返青期株高(r=0.69)、秋季自然株高(r=0.68)、再生速度(r=0.68)、夏季第2茬草产量(r=0.44)、秋季草产量(r=0.37)呈正相关,而与夏季相对减产率呈显著负相关(r=-0.5)。灰色关联分析进一步明确WL525HQ、淮扬4号、巨能801、WL656HQ和赛迪10为关联度较高的优选品种,兼具高产潜力和夏季逆境适应能力。综上,秋眠性可作为江淮地区苜蓿引种与适应性评价的有效参考,结合全生育期综合评价,可为该地区苜蓿品种选育与推广提供可靠的种质资源与理论依据。
Summer stress characterized by high temperature and humidity is a major constraint to achieving high yield and quality in alfalfa production in the Yangtze-Huaihe region. To identify stress-adapted germplasm, a field experiment was conducted in Yangzhou from 2023 to 2024, evaluating 42 alfalfa varieties with contrasting fall dormancy (FD) ratings. We investigated a range of agronomic and physiological traits, including phenology, plant height, forage yield, leaf∶stem ratio, regrowth capacity, summer survival, and crude protein content. Grey relational analysis (GRA) was employed for an overall performance assessment. Significant varietal differences (P<0.05) were observed at regreening time, and for regrowth vigor, cumulative seasonal yield, and summer persistence. While leaf crude protein content remained stable across seasons, the leaf∶stem ratio showed considerable seasonal variation. A significant negative correlation was found between FD rating and the summer relative yield reduction rate (r=-0.50), indicating that less dormant varieties exhibit superior heat tolerance and summer survival. GRA identified WL525HQ, Huaiyang No.4, Magnum No.801, WL656HQ, and Saidi 10 as top-performing varieties, combining high yield potential with exceptional resilience to summer adversity. This study establishes fall dormancy as a valuable proxy for selecting alfalfa varieties suitable for the Yangtze-Huaihe region, and the top-performing varieties provide a reliable genetic resource for breeding programs aimed at enhancing alfalfa productivity in this challenging environment.
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2024年江苏省研究生科研创新计划(SJCX24-2294)
国家自然科学基金(32301474)
江苏省基础研究计划自然科学基金青年基金(BK20220583)
江苏省基础研究计划自然科学基金青年基金(BK20230606)
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