环青海湖地区燕麦与一年生豆科牧草混播组配研究
张琪琳 , 王小军 , 李晶 , 程重庆 , 梁国玲 , 刘文辉 , 琚泽亮 , 贾志锋 , 马祥 , 李文
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (09) : 198 -210.
环青海湖地区燕麦与一年生豆科牧草混播组配研究
Mixed sowing with different combinations of oat and annual leguminous forages in the Qinghai Lake area
针对环青海湖地区人工草地生产力低下、饲草品质不佳的问题,为提升该地区饲草生产的产量与品质,本研究开展‘青燕4号’燕麦分别与‘青建1号’饲用豌豆、箭筈豌豆及‘A-61’饲用豌豆资源按不同比例混播的试验。分析不同混播组配处理对饲草农艺性状、营养组分、相对饲喂价值及经济效益的影响,以筛选出适宜环青海湖地区饲草生产的最佳混播组配。结果表明:在同一混播比例下,‘青燕4号’与‘A-61’混播饲草整体表现优于其他混播组合;在同一混播组合下,饲草总干草产量与净收益随‘青燕4号’比例增多整体呈上升趋势,而粗蛋白含量则随‘青燕4号’比例的增加呈下降趋势;其中,饲草总干草产量和净收益在‘青燕4号’与‘A-61’饲用豌豆资源按4∶6混播处理下最高,分别为11458.7 kg·hm-2和6316.5元·hm-2;饲草粗蛋白含量在‘青燕4号’与‘A-61’饲用豌豆资源按1∶9混播处理下显著最高(P<0.05),为21.0%。结构方程模型表明,混播组合、混播比例及其交互作用主要通过影响豆科产量对饲草营养品质产生间接影响。灰色关联分析综合评价表明,‘青燕4号’与‘A-61’饲用豌豆资源按4∶6混播是高产、优质与高效益的最佳混播组配,可在环青海湖地区推广应用于高产优质饲草生产。
Forage plants in artificial grassland in the Qinghai Lake area exhibit low productivity and poor quality. The aim of this work, therefore, was to improve the yield and quality of forage production in this area. To this end, we conducted an experiment to evaluate the effects of mixed sowing with Avena sativa ‘Qingyan No.4’ with Pisum sativum ‘Qingjian No.1’, Vicia sativa, and P. sativum ‘A-61’ at different ratios. The effects of different mixed sowing combinations on agronomic traits, nutritional components, relative feeding value, and economic benefits of forage were analyzed to identify the best mixed sowing combination for forage production in the Qinghai Lake area. The results show that under the same mixture ratio, ‘Qingyan No.4’ and ‘A-61’ mixed forage exhibited better production performance than other mixed sowing combinations. Under the same mixed sowing combination, the total hay yield and net profit of forage showed an overall upward trend as the proportion of ‘Qingyan No.4’ increased, while the crude protein content showed a downward trend. The highest forage hay yield (11458.7 kg·ha-1) and net profit (6316.5 CNY·ha-1) were in the mixed sowing treatment of ‘Qingyan No.4’ and ‘A-61’at a ratio of 4∶6. The highest crude protein content of forage (21.0%) was in the mixed sowing treatment of ‘Qingyan No.4’ and ‘A-61’at a ratio of 1∶9, and was significantly higher (P<0.05) in this treatment than in the other treatments. The structural equation model showed that mixed sowing combination, mixture ratio, and their interaction had an indirect effect on forage nutritional quality, mainly by affecting legume yield. A multivariate evaluation based on grey correlation analysis showed that the best mixed sowing treatment in terms of high yield, high quality, and high benefit was ‘Qingyan No.4’ and ‘A-61’ at a ratio of 4∶6. This mixed sowing combination should be applied in practice to achieve high-yielding and high-quality forage production in the Qinghai Lake area.
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国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1602307)
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