乳酸菌和糖蜜对加拿大一枝黄花青贮品质及抗氧化活性的影响
雷燕 , 贺海洋 , 汤鲜丽 , 张志飞 , 穆麟
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (09) : 169 -179.
乳酸菌和糖蜜对加拿大一枝黄花青贮品质及抗氧化活性的影响
Effects of lactic acid bacteria and molasses on the quality and antioxidant activity of Solidago canadensis silage
加拿大一枝黄花为菊科的多年生草本植物,不仅生物量大、粗蛋白与可溶性碳水化合物含量较高,还富含多酚、黄酮等活性成分,具有开发为功能型饲料的潜力。本研究以加拿大一枝黄花为青贮原料,探究植物乳杆菌与糖蜜添加对加拿大一枝黄花青贮品质的影响。试验采用双因素完全随机设计,设置4个糖蜜添加梯度(0、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%)和2个植物乳杆菌接种水平(0、106 cfu·g-1),青贮30 d后测定其发酵品质、营养品质及抗氧化指标。结果表明,仅添加糖蜜处理中,2.0%糖蜜组(M2L0)pH较M0L0、M0.5L0、M1L0显著降低(P<0.01);同一糖蜜添加水平下,接种植物乳杆菌降低青贮pH,同时显著降低氨态氮/总氮比值。糖蜜与植物乳杆菌互作显著降低了青贮饲料中中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的含量,增加了乳酸和水溶性碳水化合物的含量。此外,青贮30 d后加拿大一枝黄花的抗氧化活性与未青贮原料相比显著提升,而2.0%糖蜜和植物乳杆菌复配处理与对照组相比抗氧化活性进一步增强。综合分析表明,添加2.0%糖蜜并接种植物乳杆菌可显著提升青贮饲料的品质与抗氧化活性。本试验为实现加拿大一枝黄花的饲料化利用,解决入侵植物的生态治理提供了新思路。
Solidago canadensis, a perennial herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae, exhibits significant potential for development as a functional feed due to its high biomass, and relatively high crude protein and water-soluble carbohydrate contents, as well as its abundance of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids. This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum inoculation and molasses addition on the ensiling quality of S. canadensis. A two-factor completely randomized design was adopted, with four molasses addition levels (0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) and without or with L. plantarum inoculation (0, 106 cfu·g-1). After ensiling for 30 days, nutritional composition, fermentation quality, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The results indicated that among treatments with molasses alone, the pH of the 2.0% molasses group (M2L0) was extremely significantly lower than those of M0L0, M0.5L0 and M1L0 (P<0.01). At the same molasses addition level, inoculation with L. plantarum reduced silage pH and significantly decreased the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen. The combined addition of molasses and L. plantarum significantly decreased the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, while increasing the contents of lactic acid and water-soluble carbohydrates. Furthermore, after ensiling for 30 days, the antioxidant capacity of S. canadensis was significantly enhanced compared with the raw material before ensiling, and the combination of 2.0% molasses and L. plantarum further increased the antioxidant activity compared with the control treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that adding 2.0% molasses and L. plantarum significantly improved the quality and antioxidant activity of the silage. This study provides new insights for utilizing S. canadensis as a livestock feed and offers a novel approach for the ecological management of this invasive plant species.
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国家重点研发计划课题(2024YFD1301204)
国家自然科学基金(32503287)
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