不同新麦草种质叶片氨基酸组分分析与营养价值评价
李博华 , 云岚 , 穆乙鑫 , 周成美 , 艾芊 , 李珍 , 何雨航
草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (08) : 112 -122.
不同新麦草种质叶片氨基酸组分分析与营养价值评价
Amino acid composition analysis and nutritional value evaluation of leaves of contrasting Psathyrostachys juncea germplasm lines
以高粗蛋白(CP)与低CP新麦草种质为材料,测定叶片中18种氨基酸含量,通过氨基酸组成分析与营养价值评价,旨在系统阐明新麦草种质的蛋白质营养特性,为其作为优质饲草资源的开发利用提供依据。采用盐酸水解法,使用氨基酸全自动分析仪测定17种氨基酸含量并用分光光度法单独测定色氨酸含量。计算必需氨基酸比值(RAA)、比值系数分(SRC)、必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)等参数,并与联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)氨基酸模式谱及理想蛋白质标准进行比较,综合评价新麦草蛋白质的营养价值。结果表明:高CP与低CP新麦草种质在氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸含量上均存在显著差异。新麦草叶片中含有10种药效氨基酸,总含量超过65%,具备潜在的药用价值。两类种质的必需氨基酸含量大多接近或超过FAO/WHO模式标准,仅赖氨酸(Lys)和蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸(Met+Cys)含量低于标准。高CP种质的必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的比值(E/T)介于40.55%~42.04%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(E/N)介于68.21%~72.52%;低CP种质的E/T值介于42.20%~43.22%,E/N值介于73.01%~76.11%,均高于FAO/WHO推荐值。高CP种质的SRC值(47.17~57.37)明显高于低CP种质(35.31~43.47)。两类种质的EAAI平均值均接近1,表明新麦草蛋白质质量较高。总体而言,高CP种质在蛋白质营养供给方面优于低CP种质,而低CP种质在必需氨基酸比例方面略占优势。Met+Cys是两类新麦草共同的第一限制性氨基酸。高CP种质在SRC和EAAI方面整体表现更优,其中种质“578854-8”和“531828-17”在氨基酸组成和营养平衡性方面表现突出,可作为未来品质改良的重要候选材料。本研究说明新麦草叶片氨基酸种类齐全、比例合理、营养价值高,是一种值得深度开发的优质蛋白饲草资源,研究结果为其在动物日粮中的科学利用及遗传育种提供了理论依据。
This study utilized germplasm lines of Psathyrostachys juncea with contrasting high and low crude protein (CP) content and determined the contents of 18 amino acids in the leaves. Through amino acid composition analysis and nutritional value evaluation, the aim was to elucidate the protein nutritional characteristics of the P. juncea germplasm lines, providing a basis for development and utilization of P. juncea as a high-quality forage resource. The hydrochloric acid hydrolysis method was employed, using an automatic amino acid analyzer to determine the content of 17 amino acids, while tryptophan content was determined separately by spectrophotometry. Parameters such as the ratio of essential amino acids (RAA), score of ratio coefficient (SRC), and essential amino acid index (EAAI) were calculated and compared with the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) amino acid pattern and ideal protein standards to evaluate the nutritional value of P. juncea protein. The results showed significant differences in total amino acid content and essential amino acid content between high-CP and low-CP P. juncea germplasm lines. P. juncea leaves contained 10 pharmacologically active amino acids, with a total content exceeding 65%, indicating potential medicinal value. Most essential amino acid contents in both germplasm types were close to or exceeded the FAO/WHO pattern standards, except for lysine (Lys) and methionine+cysteine (Met+Cys), which were below the standards. In high-CP germplasm lines, the ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids (E/T) ranged from 40.55% to 42.04%, and the ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids (E/N) ranged from 68.21% to 72.52%. In low-CP germplasms, E/T ranged from 42.20% to 43.22%, and E/N ranged from 73.01% to 76.11%, both exceeding the FAO/WHO recommended values. The SRC values of high-CP germplasm lines (47.17-57.37) were significantly higher than those of low-CP germplasm lines (35.31-43.47). The average EAAI of both germplasm lines was close to 1, indicating high protein quality in P. juncea. Overall, high-CP germplasm lines outperformed low-CP germplasm lines in terms of protein nutritional supply, while low-CP germplasm lines had a slight advantage in the proportion of essential amino acids. Met+Cys were the first limiting amino acids in both lines of P. juncea. High-CP germplasm lines exhibited superior overall performance in SRC and EAAI, with germplasm lines “578854-8” and “531828-17” showing outstanding amino acid composition and nutritional balance, making them important candidate materials for future quality improvement. This study demonstrates that P. juncea leaves possess a complete profile of amino acids, a reasonable composition, and high nutritional value, making them a high-quality protein forage resource worthy of further development. The findings provide scientific data to support utilization of P. juncea in animal diets and its genetic breeding.
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国家自然科学基金(32371762)
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2023ZD07)
内蒙古自治区教育厅一流学科科研专项(YLXKZX-NND-030)
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