昭苏县绿草莓叶斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性
Identification of the pathogen and biological characteristics of Fragaria viridis leaf spot in Zhaosu County, China
绿草莓是昭苏县部分天然草原上的优势物种,叶斑病发生普遍。为明确引起绿草莓叶斑病的病原种类及生物学特性,本研究对新疆维吾尔自治区昭苏县采集的绿草莓叶斑病病样进行分离鉴定,分离的真菌根据形态学和多基因联合系统发育树进行鉴定。结果表明,共分离得到3种病原真菌,分别为交链格孢、Colletotrichum tibetense、Ascochyta nigripycnidia。生物学特性研究结果显示,三者均在25 ℃时生长最快,且可耐受pH范围较宽,为4~11,当pH为7~8时,菌丝发育最佳,此时测得的菌落直径显著大于其他pH条件(P<0.05)。交链格孢的最适培养基为玉米粉琼脂培养基(CMA),最适碳源、氮源分别为可溶性淀粉和蛋白胨;A. nigripycnidia在不同供试培养基中生长均较为缓慢,最适生长培养基为马铃薯胡萝卜琼脂培养基(PCA),在菌丝生长过程中,硫酸铵和可溶性淀粉分别作为氮源和碳源,展现出最好的利用效率(P<0.05);可溶性淀粉与蛋白胨分别为C. tibetense菌丝生长最理想的碳源与氮源(P<0.05),且该菌在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)培养基上菌丝生长最为迅速。3种病原菌在不同光照条件下菌丝生长较好。通过致病性测定,发现交链格孢、C. tibetense、A. nigripycnidia均为绿草莓叶斑病的致病菌。其中A. nigripycnidia分离频率最高,为40.15%,为绿草莓叶斑病的主要致病菌。
Green strawberry (Fragaria viridis) is a dominant species in some natural grasslands of Zhaosu County, where leaf spot disease occurs widely. To clarify the causal agents responsible for leaf spot disease on green strawberry and their biological characteristics, diseased leaf samples were collected from Zhaosu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and subjected to fungal isolation and identification. The isolated fungi were identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses. Results showed that three pathogenic fungi were obtained: Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum tibetense, and Ascochyta nigripycnidia. Biological characterization revealed that all three fungi exhibited optimal mycelial growth at 25 ℃ and tolerated a broad pH range (4-11), with the best growth occurring at pH 7-8, where colony diameters were significantly larger than under other pH conditions (P<0.05). A. alternata grew best on corn meal agar, with soluble starch and peptone as the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. A. nigripycnidia grew relatively slowly on all tested media, with potato-carrot agar supporting the most favorable growth; ammonium sulfate and soluble starch served as the most efficiently utilized nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively (P<0.05). For C. tibetense, soluble starch and peptone were also the preferred carbon and nitrogen sources (P<0.05), and its mycelium grew most rapidly on potato dextrose agar. All three pathogens exhibited robust mycelial growth under various light conditions. Pathogenicity assays confirmed that A. alternata, C. tibetense, and A. nigripycnidia are all causal agents of leaf spot disease on green strawberry. Among them, A. nigripycnidia was isolated most frequently (40.15%) and is thus considered the primary pathogen responsible for this disease.
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