To acquire electromagnetic scattering data from realistic terrain environments, this study employed the Peplinski soil dielectric constant model to characterize soil dielectric properties. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) were used to reconstruct terrain surface topography, and the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method was applied to analyze electromagnetic scattering behavior from these surfaces. Numerical simulations generated angular distribution curves of scattering coefficients, and the change rule between scattering coefficients and various parameters—including soil moisture content, clay content, soil bulk density, sand fraction, incident angle, and incident frequency were investigated.Data analysis revealed that the scattering coefficient exhibits oscillatory variations with respect to the scattering angle and decreases with increasing soil moisture content and incident angle, while showing no significant variation with changes in clay content, soil bulk density, sand fraction, or incident frequency. This research provides theoretical foundation and practical guidance for understanding electromagnetic scattering behavior from real terrain surfaces.
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