先张法UHPC-NC组合小箱梁设计与弯曲性能试验
Design and Bending Performance Test of Pretensioned UHPC-NC Composite Small Box Girders
基于超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的优异性能,本文提出一种轻型化、工业化的UHPC-普通混凝土(NC)先张预应力组合小箱梁结构。该结构通过瑞士超高性能纤维配筋混凝土规范与中国桥梁规范验算,满足A类预应力构件要求,较同跨径NC小箱梁减重达30%。为验证组合梁弯曲性能,设计并开展1片UHPC组合梁受弯破坏试验。试验表明:普通钢筋屈服时,底缘UHPC完成受拉应变强化,拉应变为1 930~2 100 με,裂缝细密且宽度小于0.2 mm;钢绞线屈服是梁刚度退化的转折点,此时顶缘UHPC压应变小于1 060 με(低于其极限压应变);钢纤维此后滑移退出工作,受拉区应力重分布;最终破坏模式为顶板NC压溃,组合梁位移延性系数为2.3。根据试验缩尺比推算,考虑原型梁自重及结构重要性系数1.1,基本组合下汽车荷载分项系数可取2.03(高于规范值1.4),频遇组合下汽车荷载频遇值系数可取0.87(高于规范值0.7)。研究表明:先张法组合梁显著提升了UHPC截面预应力效率,其与UHPC的裂后协同工作性能良好,可满足工程设计要求。
This study proposes a lightweight and industrialized pretensioned composite small box girder structure combining Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) and ordinary concrete (NC), leveraging the superior mechanical properties of UHPC. Compliance verification with the Swiss ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete structural code and the Chinese bridge design code confirms that the composite beam satisfies Class A prestressed component requirements while achieving a 30% weight reduction compared to conventional NC box girders of identical span. To validate flexural performance, a bending failure test was conducted on a scaled specimen. As observed, upon ordinary reinforcement yielding, the UHPC at the bottom edge completed tensile strain hardening with strains of 1 930–2 100 με, developing fine cracks below 0.2 mm width. Steel strand yielding marked the stiffness degradation inflection point, where UHPC compressive strain at the top edge reached 1 060 με (below its ultimate strain), followed by steel fiber pullout and tensile zone stress redistribution. Final failure occurred due to NC top slab crushing, yielding a displacement ductility coefficient of 2.3. Scaling analysis incorporating a structural importance factor of 1.1 indicates that for the prototype beam, the partial factor for vehicle loads under fundamental combinations is 2.03 (exceeding the standard 1.4), while the frequent value coefficient under frequent combinations is 0.87 (surpassing the standard 0.7). The pretensioned system demonstrates enhanced prestressing efficiency in UHPC sections and effective post-cracking material collaboration, confirming its viability for practical applications.
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