110 kV钢结构户内变电站抗震性能研究
Study on Seismic Performance of 110 kV Steel Indoor Substation
钢结构全户内变电站是城市绿色变电站优选方案,具有节约土地、运行稳定等优点。然而,全户内变电站一旦遭受地震将会导致巨大的经济损失,此外,传统的抗震设计忽略了结构与设备的相互作用,从而导致抗震设计偏于不安全。本文分别建立了某110 kV钢结构全户内变电站耦合模型和主结构模型,其中耦合模型考虑结构与设备的相互作用,主结构模型将设备视为楼面荷载。随后对两类模型开展动力特性分析(获取自振频率、振型等关键参数)与时程分析;最后采用增量动力分析(IDA)方法,通过调整地震波峰值加速度(PGA),量化不同地震强度下主结构与设备的响应指标,进而综合评估二者的地震易损性。结果表明:① 二层GIS设备套管加速度放大效应显著(均值为4.2、最大值为5.1),远大于二层楼面,地震下易因加速度过大损坏;② 结构-设备相互作用影响明显,耦合模型与主结构模型的放大系数最大差值为20%、层间位移角最大差值为15%;③ 耦合模型在部分地震波作用下扭转位移比大于1.2,需采取减扭措施;④ 相同地震强度下,电气设备失效概率远高于主结构,如PGA=1.0g时,设备破坏概率达60%,而主结构几乎不倒塌。
Steel-structured fully indoor substations are the preferred solution for urban green substations, offering advantages such as land conservation and stable operation. However, once a fully indoor substation suffers earthquake, it will lead to enormous economic losses. Additionally, traditional seismic design overlooks the structure-equipment interaction, resulting in designs that tend to be unsafe. In this study, the coupling model and the main structure model were established respectively for a 110 kV steel-structured fully indoor substation. The coupled model accounts for the structure-equipment interaction, while the main structure model treats equipment as floor loads. Subsequently, dynamic characteristic analysis (to obtain key parameters such as natural vibration frequencies and mode shapes) and time-history analysis were conducted on the two types of models. Finally, the Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) method was adopted: by adjusting the peak ground acceleration (PGA) of seismic waves, the response indices of the main structure and equipment under different seismic intensities were quantified, so as to comprehensively evaluate the seismic vulnerability of both. The results show that: (1) The acceleration amplification effect of the 2nd-floor GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) equipment bushings is significant (with an average value of 4.2 and a maximum value of 5.1), which is much greater than that of the 2nd-floor slab, making the bushings prone to damage due to excessive acceleration during earthquakes; (2) The structure-equipment interaction exerts a notable impact: the maximum difference in amplification factors between the coupled model and the main structure model is 20%, and the maximum difference in inter-story drift angles is 15%; (3) Under the action of some seismic waves, the torsional displacement ratio of the coupled model exceeds 1.2, so torsion reduction measures need to be implemented; (4) Under the same seismic intensity, the failure probability of electrical equipment is far higher than that of the main structure. For instance, when PGA=1.0g, the equipment damage probability reaches 60%, while the main structure barely collapses.
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