深水桥墩在波流作用下的动力响应分析
Study on Wave-Current Coupling Dynamic Response of Piers in Deep Water Environment
对于修建在江上或者海上的桥梁,不同于陆地上的桥梁,其桥墩常年处于深水环境中,会受到水流和波浪的冲击作用。为了研究深水桥墩在波流作用下的动力响应特性,以矩形桥墩为例,采用FSI建模方式建立精细化的双向流固耦合模型,进行了桥墩在不同水深、流速水流及不同波高、波长波浪作用下的动力响应分析。结果表明:水流作用下桥墩的动力响应会迅速达到峰值,随之趋于稳定。水流作用下桥墩的动力响应分为三阶段:上升阶段、衰减阶段和平稳阶段,其响应峰值随流速和水深增加而增大;瞬时冲击会使桥墩产生明显加速度;在波浪作用下,桥墩动力响应表现出周期性,且主要受波高控制;波流联合作用下,响应特性以波浪主导,亦呈周期性变化。
For bridges spanning rivers or seas, piers are invariably situated in deep-water environments, contrasting sharply with land-based structures due to the continuous impact of currents and waves. To investigate the dynamic response characteristics of deep-water piers subjected to wave-current interactions, a refined two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model was established, using rectangular piers as a representative case study. Consequently, a comprehensive dynamic response analysis of the piers was conducted across varying water depths, current velocities, wave heights, and wavelengths. The results indicate that under current action, the dynamic response of the pier rapidly peaks before stabilizing, exhibiting three distinct evolutionary phases: the rising stage, the attenuation stage, and the steady stage. Furthermore, the response peak escalates with increasing flow velocity and water depth, while instantaneous impacts induce significant accelerations within the pier. Under wave action, the dynamic response of the pier displays periodic variations primarily governed by wave height. Crucially, under the combined action of waves and currents, the response characteristics remain dominated by wave effects while concurrently exhibiting distinct periodic behavior.
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