基于数值风洞模拟覆冰拉索驰振性能研究
Research on Galloping Performance of Ice-Covered Cables Based on Numerical Wind Tunnel Simulation
冻雨作用下桥梁拉索表面易形成覆冰从而改变拉索截面的气动外形,使拉索在风作用下可能产生大幅振动,并给桥梁带来安全问题。借助数值风洞技术,结合实际斜拉桥工程案例,对常遇的D形和新月形覆冰形态下的斜拉索驰振问题进行了全过程的直接模拟,通过与风洞试验结果对比,验证了本文采用的数值风洞技术的准确性与可靠性。研究结果表明:覆冰拉索的驰振振幅基本随风速增大而呈线性关系增大,振动以竖向振动为主;驰振运动轨迹呈现较为明显的扁平椭圆形,长短轴之比随风速增大而减小,竖向振动与横向振动相位差随风速增加而增大;驰振振幅随阻尼比增加而减小,两者呈非线性关系;当系统阻尼比小于临界阻尼比时,拉索驰振现象基本消失,因此控制拉索系统的阻尼能够有效降低覆冰拉索发生大幅振动的风险。
Under freezing rain conditions, ice accretion readily forms on the surface of bridge cables. This alters the aerodynamic profile of the cable cross-section, leading to significant wind-induced cable vibrations and posing substantial safety risks to the bridge structure. Leveraging numerical wind tunnel technology and referencing actual cable-stayed bridge engineering cases, this study directly simulates the entire evolution of cable galloping under two commonly encountered ice cover geometries: the D-shaped and crescent-shaped profiles. The accuracy and reliability of the numerical method employed are validated through comparative analysis with wind tunnel experimental data. The results demonstrate that the galloping amplitude of iced cables increases linearly with rising wind speed, with the vibration being predominantly vertical. The galloping trajectory exhibits a distinct flattened elliptical shape, wherein the aspect ratio decreases as wind speed increases, while the phase difference between vertical and lateral vibrations correspondingly enlarges. Furthermore, the galloping amplitude diminishes with an increasing damping ratio, revealing a nonlinear relationship between the two. Notably, when the system damping ratio falls below the critical damping ratio, the cable galloping phenomenon essentially vanishes. Consequently, controlling the damping of the cable system proves effective in mitigating the risk of large-amplitude vibrations in iced cables.
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国家自然科学基金资助项目“地面效应对桥梁气动性能的影响及其作用机理研究”(51778365)
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