Q420qd钢疲劳损伤后的力学性能试验研究
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Q420qd Steel After Fatigue Damage
为评估疲劳损伤对在役钢结构静力性能的实际影响,本文以Q420qd钢为研究对象,通过预损伤与静力拉伸试验研究其性能演变。试验设计了两级应力水平与六组循环次数,对试样进行差异化预损伤。随后通过静力拉伸试验获取各组试件的力学响应,结合宏观力学参数与微观断口形貌的对比分析,揭示了疲劳损伤对材料剩余力学性能产生的影响。结果表明:随损伤加剧,材料断裂特征由韧性向脆性转变,宏观断口趋于平整,微观韧窝密度降低;静力拉伸曲线中的屈服平台显著缩短甚至消失;值得注意的是,各损伤试件的屈服强度与弹性模量较未损伤状态均呈现整体轻微提升,且数据离散性小,不同损伤度下试件屈服强度平均值差距均在3.1%范围内,而抗拉强度与伸长率保持稳定。研究表明,预疲劳损伤主要改变了Q420qd钢的屈服阶段力学行为,该结论可为含损伤桥梁钢结构的剩余静力性能评估提供直接依据。
To evaluate the practical impact of fatigue damage on the static performance of in-service steel structures, this study focuses on Q420qd steel and investigates its performance evolution through pre-damage and static tensile tests. The experiment was designed with two stress levels and six groups of cyclic loading cycles to apply differentiated pre-damage to the specimens. Subsequently, static tensile tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical responses of each group of specimens. By comparing macroscopic mechanical parameters and microscopic fracture morphology, the influence of fatigue damage on the residual mechanical properties of the material was revealed. The results show that as the damage intensifies, the fracture characteristics of the material transition from ductile to brittle, with the macroscopic fracture surface becoming flatter and the density of microscopic dimples decreasing. The yield plateau in the static tensile curve shortens significantly or even disappears. Notably, compared to the undamaged state, the yield strength and elastic modulus of the damaged specimens exhibited a slight overall increase with low data dispersion, the average differences in yield strength across various damage levels all remain within 3.1%, while the tensile strength and elongation remained stable. The study demonstrates that pre-fatigue damage primarily alters the mechanical behavior of Q420qd steel during the yield stage. This conclusion provides a direct basis for evaluating the residual static performance of bridge steel structures with existing damage.
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