右江盆地又被称为滇黔桂“金三角”,位于扬子陆块西南缘(图1),其北东以紫云-垭都断裂、北西以弥勒-师宗断裂、南东以凭祥-南宁断裂和南西以红河断裂为界,总面积约18.5×104 km2 [15]。区内容矿地层和岩石丰富,表现为几乎所有地层和岩石均可容矿,主要容矿地层为二叠系和三叠系地层,容矿岩石包括灰岩、白云岩、粉砂岩、黏土岩、硅质岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩和凝灰岩等,产出代表性的矿床有水银洞、烂泥沟、泥堡、板其、丫他、紫母凼、戈塘和架底等大型-超大型金矿床[7-8]。前人研究显示[1⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-8],金矿体主要产出于钙质碎屑岩系建造的断裂带和刚性碳酸盐岩系与钙泥质碎屑岩系之间的构造蚀变体(SBT)中,围岩富含Fe碳酸盐矿物,成矿主要与脱碳酸盐化、硅化、泥化和硫化等低温热液蚀变相关,金呈微细粒不可见形式赋存于黄铁矿的含砷环带内,Au通常与As-Sb-Hg-Tl等元素共/伴生。
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