基于反射波地震勘探技术的深覆盖区夕卡岩型富铁矿找矿方法探讨
朱裕振 , 孙超 , 王怀洪 , 任珂 , 张文艳 , 沈立军
地学前缘 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5) : 229 -238.
基于反射波地震勘探技术的深覆盖区夕卡岩型富铁矿找矿方法探讨
Discussion on prospecting methods for rich iron ore in deep coverage areas based on reflected wave seismic exploration technology
齐河—禹城地区自2015年发现夕卡岩型富铁矿后,相继开展了包括地面重磁、电磁法等在内的多种地球物理探测工作,但由于该区处于深覆盖区,矿藏埋深大、矿化信息弱,数据解释工作存在较大多解性问题。地震勘探技术具有探测深度大、精度高等特点,本文首次将该方法应用于深部富铁矿找矿。通过采用宽线观测系统,以提高深部资料信噪比为重点,获得了高质量的处理剖面;对不同地层的地震波组特征进行分析,实现了新生界底界、石炭-二叠系的准确划分,圈定了侵入岩体的赋存范围,为重磁联合反演提供了准确的层位、构造约束;从而可分辨因岩体埋深、形态变化造成的重磁局部异常,有效识别矿致叠加异常,降低重磁联合反演的多解性,提高矿体定位精度,进而指导ZK11钻孔布设并成功见矿。从揭露情况看,地震预测的地层及深度信息与钻探吻合程度高,表明了地震方法在深覆盖区富铁矿找矿具有良好的应用效果和广阔的应用前景。
Since the discovery of skarn-type iron ore deposits in the Qihe-Yucheng area in 2015, a variety of geophysical exploration methods, including ground gravity, magnetic, and electromagnetic surveys, have been carried out. However, due to thick overburden, deep burial of orebodies, and weak mineralization signals, data interpretation suffered from severe non-uniqueness. Seismic exploration, advantageous for its depth penetration and high resolution, was employed for deep iron ore prospecting in this region. By adopting a wide-line geometry and focusing on enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of deep reflections via advanced processing, high-quality seismic profiles were obtained. Analysis of seismic wavegroups across different strata precisely delineated the base of the Cenozoic and Carboniferous-Permian sequences and mapped the distribution of intrusive bodies. These results provided accurate horizon and structural constraints for joint gravity-magnetic inversion. Thereby, this integrated approach differentiated gravity-magnetic anomalies caused by depth and morphology variations of intrusions from ore-induced anomalies, substantially reduced inversion non-uniqueness, and enhanced orebody targeting. This integrated geophysical methodology guided the planning of borehole ZK11, which intersected high-grade iron ore. Drilling results confirmed a strong correspondence between predicted stratigraphy and depths, demonstrating the efficacy and considerable potential of seismic methods for exploring deep-buried iron ores in covered areas.
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2903702)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2903705)
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