苏北浅滩及邻近海域表层沉积物粒度特征及泥沙运移机制
黄龙 , 陈晓辉 , 王明健 , 张勇 , 密蓓蓓 , 徐晓达 , 潘军 , 朱晓青 , 孙记红 , 付军
地学前缘 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6) : 484 -496.
苏北浅滩及邻近海域表层沉积物粒度特征及泥沙运移机制
Grain size characteristics of surface sediments and the sediment transport mechanism in the Subei Shoal and its adjacent sea areas
对苏北浅滩邻近海域196个表层样和4个柱状样沉积物进行了粒度和210Pb放射性活度测试,分析了沉积物类型和粒度参数变化特征并计算了沉积速率。结果显示:表层沉积物包括砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂和粉砂4种类型,利用高抒-柯林斯(Gao-Collins)粒径趋势模型对表层粒度参数进行反演,发现潮流沙脊中心区呈现“脊聚槽散”的运移趋势,沙脊区外缘至浅海陆架海域,运移趋势呈顺时针方向变化,逐渐转为东南向。33°N附近海域沉积速率为0~0.68 cm/a,现代沉积作用相对较弱,自西向东呈低-高-低的变化趋势。将粒径运移趋势和沉积速率结合分析,发现受强潮流作用影响,砂质沉积物由涨潮流推动向浅滩沙脊中心区汇聚迁移,细颗粒泥沙被落潮流沿沙槽搬运至陆架区;现代长江物质由冲淡水携带沿岸向北运移,与落潮余流汇合后顺时针偏转向东,遇台湾暖流前缘水阻隔,大部分沉降在研究区南部水深15~25 m区域;长江口外大沙滩的残留沉积受现代潮汐往复搬运,泥沙往东南向深水区运移;现代苏北河流和废黄河三角洲细颗粒泥沙在苏北沿岸水的携带下向东或东南冲溢扩展出沙脊区后,部分被黄海西部沿岸流搬运至东海外陆架,部分沿内陆架平行岸线方向输运南下。沉积物现代沉积速率分布特征表明:水深20~30 m的内陆架区域沉积速率均值为0.57 cm/a,沉降较快,是细颗粒泥沙向东海输运的主要路径,25 m等深线附近沉降速率最高为0.68 cm/a,应为泥沙输运和沉降的中心位置。
Grain size and 210Pb radioactivity analyses were performed on 196 surface samples and 4 core samples from the adjacent sea area of the Subei Shoal. Sediment types and variations in grain size parameters were analyzed, and sedimentation rates were determined using 210Pb dating. The results indicate that the surface sediments comprise four types: sand, silty sand, sandy silt, and silt. Grain size trend analysis using the Gao-Collins model revealed a sediment transport pattern characterized by “ridge convergence and trough divergence” within the central tidal sand ridge area. From the outer edge of the sand ridge region towards the shallow continental shelf, the net sediment transport direction exhibits a clockwise rotation, gradually shifting to the southeast. Sedimentation rates near 33°N range from 0 to 0.68 cm·yr-1, indicating relatively weak modern sedimentation overall, exhibiting a low-high-low trend from west to east. Integration of sediment transport trends and sedimentation rates indicates that under strong tidal forcing, sandy sediments converge and migrate towards the central shoal ridge area driven by flood tidal currents, while fine-grained sediments are transported by ebb tidal currents along the sand troughs towards the shelf area. Modern Yangtze-derived sediments are carried northward along the coast by the river’s diluted water plume. This material merges with the residual current from the ebb tide and then turns clockwise eastward, where it is blocked by the frontal zone of the Taiwan Warm Current, leading to the deposition of most of the Yangtze-derived sediment in the southern part of the study area at water depths of 15-25 m. Residual sediments from the large sandbank outside the Yangtze River estuary are transported southeastward to deeper waters by modern tidal currents. Fine-grained sediments originating from modern Subei rivers and the abandoned Yellow River Delta are carried eastward or southeastward by the Subei Coastal Current, extending beyond the sand ridge area. A portion of these sediments is transported to the outer shelf of the East China Sea by the western coastal current of the Yellow Sea, while another portion is transported southward along the inner shelf parallel to the coastline. The distribution of modern sedimentation rates shows that relatively rapid sedimentation occurs in the inner shelf area at water depths of 20-30 meters. The average sedimentation rate here is 0.57 cm·yr-1, identifying this zone as the main pathway for the transport of fine-grained sediments to the East China Sea. Within this area, the highest sedimentation rate (0.68 cm·yr-1) is observed near the 25-meter isobath, which is identified as the central locus for sediment transport and accumulation.
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