柴达木盆地第四系地层区划与综合地层格架
柯学 , 杨文军 , 宋泰忠 , 张金明 , 张宗言 , 李靖 , 陈峰 , 张小瑾
地学前缘 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6) : 451 -469.
柴达木盆地第四系地层区划与综合地层格架
Integrated Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the Qaidam Basin
第四纪时期,柴达木盆地内部堆积了含丰富盐类矿产的湖积细粒沉积物,在盆地周缘则堆积了巨厚的粗碎屑冲洪积物,其中可能赋存大量卤水,也是盐类矿产的重要赋存层位。以往对广布在盆地周缘以砂砾为主的洪冲积未建立起完整的第四系岩石地层和年代地层序列,极大地影响了与盆地内部以膏泥等盐湖沉积为主的岩石-年代地层序列的对比研究,进而制约了对盐类矿产的深入勘查。为进一步全面深化柴达木盆地第四纪盐类矿产的成矿地质背景研究,在系统收集和分析以往文献中关于柴达木盆地第四系地层剖面的基础上,本文对盆地周缘的第四系粗碎屑堆积开展了野外剖面实测和修测,新建3个组级岩石地层单位。采集了21件电子自旋共振(electron spin resonance,ESR)和光释光(optically stimulated luminescence,OSL)样品进行了测年;对盆地内部细粒盐湖沉积,收集和整理已发表的各类测年数据35个。以这些测年数据为支撑,建立了柴达木盆地全新的第四系岩石地层-年代地层序列及其对比格架。在此基础上,分析讨论了代表性剖面的岩石地层与本次新建组的对比关系,并与中国的更新统泥河湾阶、周口店阶、萨拉乌苏阶以及全新统的标准剖面建立对比关系,最终建立了相比以往更精细的柴达木盆地第四系岩石-年代地层格架,为进一步深入勘查柴达木盆地第四纪不同沉积相区的盐类矿产奠定了良好基础。
During the Quaternary, the Qaidam Basin accumulated extensive fine-grained lacustrine deposits enriched in evaporite minerals in its interior, while its margins developed thick alluvial and fluvial coarse clastic sequences. These marginal successions may host substantial brine volumes and serve as important reservoirs for evaporite resources. However, the lack of a well-established lithostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic framework for these coarse-grained deposits has hindered their correlation with the better-studied gypsum- and clay-rich lacustrine facies of the basin center, which has significantly limited integrated investigations into the distribution and genesis of Quaternary evaporite resources. To address this, we conducted detailed field investigations of marginal successions and synthesized previously published Quaternary stratigraphic data. Based on sedimentological features and stratigraphic relationships, we define three new formation-level lithostratigraphic units. Chronological control is established through 21 new ESR and OSL ages, and 35 published age determinations from central basin deposits. These datasets support the development of a refined Quaternary litho- and chronostratigraphic framework that integrates marginal and central facies. Representative sections are correlated with the newly defined formations and linked to key Quaternary stratotypes, including the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Stage, the Middle Pleistocene Zhoukoudian Stage, and the Upper Pleistocene Salawusu Stage, as well as the Holocene. This updated stratigraphic architecture improves temporal resolution across depositional environments, enhances understanding of sedimentary responses to climatic and tectonic forcing, and provides a robust foundation for paleogeographic reconstructions and targeted exploration of Quaternary evaporite resources across the basin.
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中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221645)
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